CAJ | 학술논문

在铅锌冶炼过程中产生了大量含重金属的废渣，这些废渣未经有效处置堆放于空旷地，由于风化、淋洗等作用导致废渣中重金属进入废渣堆场及周边土壤中。采用野外取样调查、室内化学分析及污染评价等方法，研究了湖南某铅锌冶炼厂冶炼废渣堆场及周边土壤中重金属的含量和分布规律。研究结果表明：废渣堆场表层土壤中各重金属的质量分数分别为 Pb 1889.60 mg·kg-1、Zn 5682.00 mg·kg-1、Cd 48.40 mg·kg-1和Cu 1848.60 mg·kg-1，此值已超出国家规定的二级标准值（GB 15618─1995），其中Pb超出5.40倍，Zn超出18.94倍，Cd 超出80.67倍，Cu超出18.49倍。距渣场10 m远处表层土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu的质量分数分别为641.01、1509.61、38.45和1240.10 mg·kg-1，10 m远处表层土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu相对国家二级标准值的超标倍数分别为2.14、6.04、128.17和12.40倍。1000 m远处表层土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu的质量分数分别为309.80、685.71、8.81和875.13 mg·kg-1，1000 m远处表层土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu各超标1.03倍、2.74倍、29.33倍和8.75倍。由此可见，废渣堆场周边土壤同样遭受重金属Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu不同程度的污染。纵向上，废渣堆场土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu在表层（0~20 cm）土壤中的质量分数均大于其在表层以下各土层中的质量分数，其中在40~60 cm土层中的质量分数又高于20~40，60~80和80~100 cm等土层，但其分布总体上呈现出随土层深度增加而减少的规律；横向上，废渣堆场各土壤剖层重金属Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu的质量分数均高于渣场外10和1000 m远处各土层的质量分数，即土壤中重金属含量随距污染源距离的增加而逐渐减少。因此，冶炼废渣的大量堆置已使周围环境遭受了重金属的严重污染，相关部门有必要加强对冶炼废渣的处置和管理。
재연자야련과정중산생료대량함중금속적폐사，저사폐사미경유효처치퇴방우공광지，유우풍화、림세등작용도치폐사중중금속진입폐사퇴장급주변토양중。채용야외취양조사、실내화학분석급오염평개등방법，연구료호남모연자야련엄야련폐사퇴장급주변토양중중금속적함량화분포규률。연구결과표명：폐사퇴장표층토양중각중금속적질량분수분별위 Pb 1889.60 mg·kg-1、Zn 5682.00 mg·kg-1、Cd 48.40 mg·kg-1화Cu 1848.60 mg·kg-1，차치이초출국가규정적이급표준치（GB 15618─1995），기중Pb초출5.40배，Zn초출18.94배，Cd 초출80.67배，Cu초출18.49배。거사장10 m원처표층토양중Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu적질량분수분별위641.01、1509.61、38.45화1240.10 mg·kg-1，10 m원처표층토양중Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu상대국가이급표준치적초표배수분별위2.14、6.04、128.17화12.40배。1000 m원처표층토양중Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu적질량분수분별위309.80、685.71、8.81화875.13 mg·kg-1，1000 m원처표층토양중Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu각초표1.03배、2.74배、29.33배화8.75배。유차가견，폐사퇴장주변토양동양조수중금속Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu불동정도적오염。종향상，폐사퇴장토양중금속Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu재표층（0~20 cm）토양중적질량분수균대우기재표층이하각토층중적질량분수，기중재40~60 cm토층중적질량분수우고우20~40，60~80화80~100 cm등토층，단기분포총체상정현출수토층심도증가이감소적규률；횡향상，폐사퇴장각토양부층중금속Pb、Zn、Cd화Cu적질량분수균고우사장외10화1000 m원처각토층적질량분수，즉토양중중금속함량수거오염원거리적증가이축점감소。인차，야련폐사적대량퇴치이사주위배경조수료중금속적엄중오염，상관부문유필요가강대야련폐사적처치화관리。
A large amount of slags rich in heavy metals had been produced during nonferrous smelting process. These smelting slags were directly piled and no recycling technology was used on them, thus heavy metals entered into the soil under the weathering and leaching of rain. Heavy metal content and distribution at or around Pb/Zn smelting slag site were studied applying sampling investigation, chemical analysis and assessment in the paper. The conclusion shows:The weight of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu is 1 889.60, 5 682.00, 48.40 and 1 848.60 mg·kg-1 individually in the surface soil (0~20 cm) at Pb/Zn smelting slag site, the content is far beyond the national standard (GB 15618─1995), Pb content is 5.40 times of the national standard, Zn、Cd and Cu is 18.94, 80.67 and 18.49 times of the national standard individually. So heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu are severely polluted the surface soil at Pb/Zn smelting slag site. At the site of 10 m far away from the slag field,the weight of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu is 641.01, 1 509.61, 38.45 and 1 240.10 mg·kg-1 individually, which is 2.14, 6.04, 128.17 and 12.40 times of the national standard. Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu weight is individual 309.80, 685.71, 8.81 and 875.13 mg·kg-1 at the site of 1 000 m far away from the slag field, and Pb content is 1.03 times of the national standard, Zn is 2.74 times of the national standard, Cd is 29.33 times of the national standard, Cu is 8.75 times of the national standard. Thus the surface soil around Pb/Zn smelting slag site is also polluted inordinately. In vertical, the content of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu decreased with the increasing of the soil depth, e.g. Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu content in the surface soil is higher than under the surface soil. In horizon, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu content at Pb/Zn smelting slag site is higher than both 10 m far away from and 1 000 m far away from Pb/Zn smelting slag site. So with the increasing of the distance from pollution sources, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu content is decreased. Smelting slags of stacking results in the pollution of environment so that it is necessary to strengthen the management and disposal of smelting slag.