生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
Ecology and Environment Sciences
2015年
9期
1499-1504
,共6页
高志强%张毅强%李杰%陈来国%刘明%赵伟%许振成
高誌彊%張毅彊%李傑%陳來國%劉明%趙偉%許振成
고지강%장의강%리걸%진래국%류명%조위%허진성
水生生物%总汞%甲基汞%暴露风险
水生生物%總汞%甲基汞%暴露風險
수생생물%총홍%갑기홍%폭로풍험
aquatic biology%total mercury%methylmercury%exposure risk
为了解珠江入海口不同种类海产品中汞和甲基汞的分布特征，并评估此区域内海产品的食用人群的暴露风险，于2015年春季在珠江入海口海域捕捞11种不同种类的海产品，利用直接燃烧-原子吸收法和KOH/H2O消解-气相色谱（GC）-冷原子荧光（CVAFS）法分别分析其肌肉中总汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）含量。结果表明，THg质量分数范围为27.1~231.4μg·kg-1（干质量，下同），MeHg质量分数范围为21.7~197.0μg·kg-1（干质量，下同），不同种类的海产品THg和MeHg质量分数均值排序为：鱼类（152±75.1μg·kg-1，127±58.0μg·kg-1）>甲壳类（87.7±44.2μg·kg-1，63.4±34.1μg·kg-1）>贝类（29.7±7.2μg·kg-1，24.3±3.2μg·kg-1），处于食物链不同营养层级解释了这种含量差异。与国内其它地区海产品相比，珠江入海口鱼类 THg 和MeHg明显高于其它地区野生捕捞或市售鱼，贝类THg和MeHg含量与其它地区相差较大，而甲壳类相差甚微。海产品中汞绝大多数以MeHg形式存在，MeHg占THg的比例范围为70.2%~92.9%。同种类不同生物体内MeHg和THg的含量与其捕食水层有关，以中下层或底层生物为食的鱼类体内 MeHg 和 THg 含量明显高于以中上层生物为食的枪乌贼（Loligo chinensis）。所有海产品中MeHg含量均低于国内外相关标准限值。通过对人群食用暴露风险评估表明，人群食用该区域内海产品MeHg最大摄入量为0.20μg·g-1·d-1远低于美国EPA颁布的MeHg摄入量参考限值（1.1μg·g-1·d-1）和WHO/FAO制定的临时性周可承受摄入量（0.23μg·g-1·d-1），食用人群的暴露风险在安全范围内。
為瞭解珠江入海口不同種類海產品中汞和甲基汞的分佈特徵，併評估此區域內海產品的食用人群的暴露風險，于2015年春季在珠江入海口海域捕撈11種不同種類的海產品，利用直接燃燒-原子吸收法和KOH/H2O消解-氣相色譜（GC）-冷原子熒光（CVAFS）法分彆分析其肌肉中總汞（THg）和甲基汞（MeHg）含量。結果錶明，THg質量分數範圍為27.1~231.4μg·kg-1（榦質量，下同），MeHg質量分數範圍為21.7~197.0μg·kg-1（榦質量，下同），不同種類的海產品THg和MeHg質量分數均值排序為：魚類（152±75.1μg·kg-1，127±58.0μg·kg-1）>甲殼類（87.7±44.2μg·kg-1，63.4±34.1μg·kg-1）>貝類（29.7±7.2μg·kg-1，24.3±3.2μg·kg-1），處于食物鏈不同營養層級解釋瞭這種含量差異。與國內其它地區海產品相比，珠江入海口魚類 THg 和MeHg明顯高于其它地區野生捕撈或市售魚，貝類THg和MeHg含量與其它地區相差較大，而甲殼類相差甚微。海產品中汞絕大多數以MeHg形式存在，MeHg佔THg的比例範圍為70.2%~92.9%。同種類不同生物體內MeHg和THg的含量與其捕食水層有關，以中下層或底層生物為食的魚類體內 MeHg 和 THg 含量明顯高于以中上層生物為食的鎗烏賊（Loligo chinensis）。所有海產品中MeHg含量均低于國內外相關標準限值。通過對人群食用暴露風險評估錶明，人群食用該區域內海產品MeHg最大攝入量為0.20μg·g-1·d-1遠低于美國EPA頒佈的MeHg攝入量參攷限值（1.1μg·g-1·d-1）和WHO/FAO製定的臨時性週可承受攝入量（0.23μg·g-1·d-1），食用人群的暴露風險在安全範圍內。
위료해주강입해구불동충류해산품중홍화갑기홍적분포특정，병평고차구역내해산품적식용인군적폭로풍험，우2015년춘계재주강입해구해역포로11충불동충류적해산품，이용직접연소-원자흡수법화KOH/H2O소해-기상색보（GC）-랭원자형광（CVAFS）법분별분석기기육중총홍（THg）화갑기홍（MeHg）함량。결과표명，THg질량분수범위위27.1~231.4μg·kg-1（간질량，하동），MeHg질량분수범위위21.7~197.0μg·kg-1（간질량，하동），불동충류적해산품THg화MeHg질량분수균치배서위：어류（152±75.1μg·kg-1，127±58.0μg·kg-1）>갑각류（87.7±44.2μg·kg-1，63.4±34.1μg·kg-1）>패류（29.7±7.2μg·kg-1，24.3±3.2μg·kg-1），처우식물련불동영양층급해석료저충함량차이。여국내기타지구해산품상비，주강입해구어류 THg 화MeHg명현고우기타지구야생포로혹시수어，패류THg화MeHg함량여기타지구상차교대，이갑각류상차심미。해산품중홍절대다수이MeHg형식존재，MeHg점THg적비례범위위70.2%~92.9%。동충류불동생물체내MeHg화THg적함량여기포식수층유관，이중하층혹저층생물위식적어류체내 MeHg 화 THg 함량명현고우이중상층생물위식적창오적（Loligo chinensis）。소유해산품중MeHg함량균저우국내외상관표준한치。통과대인군식용폭로풍험평고표명，인군식용해구역내해산품MeHg최대섭입량위0.20μg·g-1·d-1원저우미국EPA반포적MeHg섭입량삼고한치（1.1μg·g-1·d-1）화WHO/FAO제정적림시성주가승수섭입량（0.23μg·g-1·d-1），식용인군적폭로풍험재안전범위내。
Methylmercury is one of the bioaccumulation environmental contaminants and eating marine products is the main source to expose to methylmercury. Thus, 11 different kinds of marine products were captured from the Pearl River Estuary in spring, 2015. The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were determined using direct combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry and KOH/CH3OH digestion-gas chromatography (GC)-cold atomic fluorescence (CVAFS) to study the distribution characteristics of mercury in different kinds of marine products and to evaluate the risk of mercury exposure. The results showed that the concentrations of THg and MeHg in the marine products were 27.1μg·kg-1 to 231.4μg·kg-1 (dry weight, the same here after in this paper) and the THg ranged from 21.7μg·kg-1 to 197.0μg·kg-1 (dry weight, the same here after in this paper), and the proportion of MeHg in THg ranged from 70.2 % to 92.9%. Compared to marine products of other domestic districts, the THg and MeHg concentrations in fish of the Pearl River Estuary were significantly higher, while the THg and MeHg concentrations in shellfish presented in an intervallic way, and in crustacean were similar. The MeHg and THg concentrations in different marine products decreased as fish (152±75.1 μg·kg-1, 127±58.0 μg·kg-1) > crustacean (87.7±44.2 μg·kg-1, 63.4±34.1 μg·kg-1) > shellfish (29.7±7.2μg·kg-1, 24.3±3.2 μg·kg-1), probably because they were in different levels of the food chain. The results indicated that the concentrations of MeHg and THg in the same kinds of marine products were related to the water layer in which their preys lived, with a tendency that the fish which preyed in the lower-middle layer or bottom layer>the loligo (Loligo chinensis) which preyed in the upper-middle layer. The MeHg and THg concentrations in marine products did not exceed the maximum allowed level set by domestic or international organizations. By the consumption of marine products, the population of these areas was exposed to MeHg with a maximum of 0.2μg·g-1·d-1, which was lower than the reference dose (1.1μg·g-1·d-1) established by US EPA and the provisional tolerable weekly intake (equivalent to 1.6 μg·g-1·d-1) by WHO/FAO. Thus, human exposure to MeHg via consumption of marine products from the Pearl River Estuary was in a safe range.
