生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
Ecology and Environment Sciences
2015年
9期
1447-1452
,共6页
深层土壤%对照荒地%土壤有机碳%物种多样性%植被结构
深層土壤%對照荒地%土壤有機碳%物種多樣性%植被結構
심층토양%대조황지%토양유궤탄%물충다양성%식피결구
deep soil%reference wasteland%soil organic carbon%species diversity%vegetation structure
为了探讨川西南不同植被对物种多样性维持和土壤有机碳积累的生态效应，以四川宁南县高山栲Castanopsis delavayi天然林、26年生赤桉Eucalyptus camaldulensis×新银合欢Leucaena leucocephala混交林和新银合欢Leucaena leucocephala纯林为研究对象，同时以附近的退化荒地为对照，调查其木本物种多样性、植被结构及表层土壤有机碳积累。结果显示：天然林具有较高的物种多样性。人工林木本物种多样性显著高于对照荒地，但显著低于天然林（P<0.05）。在川西南，天然林一旦遭到破坏，物种多样性很难得到恢复。人工林呈乔、灌、草3层，植被结构显著优于对照荒地（荒地没有乔木层，灌木层只有一种树种），植被结构的改善有利于物种多样性的增加。赤桉×新银合欢混交林和新银合欢纯林表层土壤有机碳储量分别为（63.39±1.47）和（64.89±1.69）t·hm-2，显著高于对照荒地，但显著低于天然林（P<0.05）。表层土壤有机碳储量的变化趋势与物种多样性的变化相似，物种多样性与表层土壤碳储量似乎相互促进。但物种多样性与土壤碳储量的关系还有待于进一步研究。
為瞭探討川西南不同植被對物種多樣性維持和土壤有機碳積纍的生態效應，以四川寧南縣高山栲Castanopsis delavayi天然林、26年生赤桉Eucalyptus camaldulensis×新銀閤歡Leucaena leucocephala混交林和新銀閤歡Leucaena leucocephala純林為研究對象，同時以附近的退化荒地為對照，調查其木本物種多樣性、植被結構及錶層土壤有機碳積纍。結果顯示：天然林具有較高的物種多樣性。人工林木本物種多樣性顯著高于對照荒地，但顯著低于天然林（P<0.05）。在川西南，天然林一旦遭到破壞，物種多樣性很難得到恢複。人工林呈喬、灌、草3層，植被結構顯著優于對照荒地（荒地沒有喬木層，灌木層隻有一種樹種），植被結構的改善有利于物種多樣性的增加。赤桉×新銀閤歡混交林和新銀閤歡純林錶層土壤有機碳儲量分彆為（63.39±1.47）和（64.89±1.69）t·hm-2，顯著高于對照荒地，但顯著低于天然林（P<0.05）。錶層土壤有機碳儲量的變化趨勢與物種多樣性的變化相似，物種多樣性與錶層土壤碳儲量似乎相互促進。但物種多樣性與土壤碳儲量的關繫還有待于進一步研究。
위료탐토천서남불동식피대물충다양성유지화토양유궤탄적루적생태효응，이사천저남현고산고Castanopsis delavayi천연림、26년생적안Eucalyptus camaldulensis×신은합환Leucaena leucocephala혼교림화신은합환Leucaena leucocephala순림위연구대상，동시이부근적퇴화황지위대조，조사기목본물충다양성、식피결구급표층토양유궤탄적루。결과현시：천연림구유교고적물충다양성。인공림목본물충다양성현저고우대조황지，단현저저우천연림（P<0.05）。재천서남，천연림일단조도파배，물충다양성흔난득도회복。인공림정교、관、초3층，식피결구현저우우대조황지（황지몰유교목층，관목층지유일충수충），식피결구적개선유리우물충다양성적증가。적안×신은합환혼교림화신은합환순림표층토양유궤탄저량분별위（63.39±1.47）화（64.89±1.69）t·hm-2，현저고우대조황지，단현저저우천연림（P<0.05）。표층토양유궤탄저량적변화추세여물충다양성적변화상사，물충다양성여표층토양탄저량사호상호촉진。단물충다양성여토양탄저량적관계환유대우진일보연구。
In order to explore ecological impacts of different vegetations on woody species diversity, vegetation structure and surface soil (>20 cm) organic carbon accumulation in Southwest of Sichuan province, a Castanopsis delavayi natural forest and 2 adjacent 26-year-old plantation forests of Leucaena leucocephala and mixed-species Eucalyptus camaldulensis × Leucaena leucocephala were selected to investigate woody species diversity, vegetation structure and surface soil organic carbon accumulation, with an adjacent wasteland as comparisons. Natural forests had higher woody species diversity. After 26-year reforestation, woody species diversity in plantations was significantly higher than that in reference wasteland, but significantly lower than that in natural forest (P<0.05), indicating that once natural forests in Southwest of Sichuan province were cleared, it would be difficult to restore diversity of woody species. There were tree, shrub and herbaceous layers in plantations. Plantations were significantly improved in vegetation structure compared with reference wastelands (no tree layer and only one species in shrub layer). Improvement of vegetation structure was helpful to increase of species diversity. In Leucaena leucocephala × Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation and Leucaena leucocephala plantation, the surface SOC storage was (63.39±1.47) tC·hm-2 and (64.89±1.69) tC·hm-2 respectively, significantly higher than that in reference wasteland, but significantly lower than that in natural forest (P<0.05). The change of SOC storage in different vegetations was similar to that of species diversity, that is, wasteland < plantations < natural forest. Species diversity seemed to facilitate SOC accumulation, but the relationship between species diversity and SOC accumulation still need to be further researched.
