河北农业科学
河北農業科學
하북농업과학
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
2015年
5期
41-44,73
,共5页
侯大山%李月华%张建%田红卫%李娟茹%冯立辉%何建兴%李建波%丁月芬%孙明清%林献策
侯大山%李月華%張建%田紅衛%李娟茹%馮立輝%何建興%李建波%丁月芬%孫明清%林獻策
후대산%리월화%장건%전홍위%리연여%풍립휘%하건흥%리건파%정월분%손명청%림헌책
秸秆还田%小麦-玉米轮作%产量%水分利用效率
秸稈還田%小麥-玉米輪作%產量%水分利用效率
갈간환전%소맥-옥미륜작%산량%수분이용효솔
Straw returned%Wheat corn rotation%Yield%Water use efficiency
通过3a定位试验，采用实地测产、水分平衡等方法，研究了秸秆还田对冬小麦和夏玉米产量与产量性状，以及土壤储水量、作物耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：秸秆还田可降低小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数以及玉米单位面积穗数，增加小麦千粒重以及玉米穗粒数和千粒重；秸秆还田处理的小麦-玉米周年产量较秸秆不还田处理增加1.1%，其中，小麦季减产3.3%，玉米季增产4.8%；秸秆还田处理的小麦季和玉米季各时期0~200 cm土体储水量均跃秸秆不还田处理，其中，小麦收获期至玉米播种期土壤储水量增加明显，增幅为4.6%；秸秆还田处理有利于减少小麦季和玉米季的作物耗水量，提高周年水分利用效率，但不利于小麦季作物水分利用率的提高。
通過3a定位試驗，採用實地測產、水分平衡等方法，研究瞭秸稈還田對鼕小麥和夏玉米產量與產量性狀，以及土壤儲水量、作物耗水量和水分利用效率的影響。結果錶明：秸稈還田可降低小麥單位麵積穗數、穗粒數以及玉米單位麵積穗數，增加小麥韆粒重以及玉米穗粒數和韆粒重；秸稈還田處理的小麥-玉米週年產量較秸稈不還田處理增加1.1%，其中，小麥季減產3.3%，玉米季增產4.8%；秸稈還田處理的小麥季和玉米季各時期0~200 cm土體儲水量均躍秸稈不還田處理，其中，小麥收穫期至玉米播種期土壤儲水量增加明顯，增幅為4.6%；秸稈還田處理有利于減少小麥季和玉米季的作物耗水量，提高週年水分利用效率，但不利于小麥季作物水分利用率的提高。
통과3a정위시험，채용실지측산、수분평형등방법，연구료갈간환전대동소맥화하옥미산량여산량성상，이급토양저수량、작물모수량화수분이용효솔적영향。결과표명：갈간환전가강저소맥단위면적수수、수립수이급옥미단위면적수수，증가소맥천립중이급옥미수립수화천립중；갈간환전처리적소맥-옥미주년산량교갈간불환전처리증가1.1%，기중，소맥계감산3.3%，옥미계증산4.8%；갈간환전처리적소맥계화옥미계각시기0~200 cm토체저수량균약갈간불환전처리，기중，소맥수획기지옥미파충기토양저수량증가명현，증폭위4.6%；갈간환전처리유리우감소소맥계화옥미계적작물모수량，제고주년수분이용효솔，단불리우소맥계작물수분이용솔적제고。
This study through three years of experiments, such as field yield, water balance method to study the effect of straw returned on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer corn. The results showed that straw returned could reduce the number of spikes per unit area and the number of grains per spike of wheat and the number of spikes per unit area of corn,increase 1 000 grain weight of wheat and grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight of corn. Wheat corn annual yield of straw returned increased by 1.1%,the field of wheat lost 3.3% and that of corn raised 4.8%. Soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer of straw returned at different periods was higher,the increasing of soil water stor-age from wheat harvest to maize seeding was obvious,the increasing rate was up to 4.6%.Straw returning treatment is beneficial to reduce crop water consumption in wheat and maize season, improve the annual water use efficiency,but is not conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency in wheat season.
