CAJ | 학술논문

以常规杂交粳稻常优3号和籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12为材料,通过叶面施肥分析了油菜素甾醇(BR)对2个杂交粳稻灌浆期剑叶光合特性、群体干物质积累、氮素吸收利用、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和植株不同器官NSC/N 的影响。结果表明, BR 对2个水稻叶片光合生理指标的影响表现为 gs>Tr>Pn>Ci。喷施2,4-表油菜素内酯(eBL)后能够增强灌浆期叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,维持叶绿素含量和胞间 CO2浓度,从而提升叶片光合能力；以及增加群体干物质、氮素和 NSC 积累量以及干物质积累比例和积累速率、氮素吸收比例和吸收速率、NSC 转运比例和转运速率,但降低了氮素干物质生产效率；喷施油菜素吡咯(Brz)后的上述生理效应相反。eBL 提升了2个水稻品种花后干物质、NSC 和氮素的转移量及氮素对籽粒贡献率,降低了干物质和 NSC 对籽粒贡献率； Brz 则降低了干物质、NSC 及氮素的转移量和转移率,提升了干物质和 NSC 对籽粒贡献率。2个杂交粳稻整个灌浆期地上部不同器官 NSC、氮素转运量均表现为 eBL>CK>Brz,籽粒灌浆前期>籽粒灌浆后期。2个水稻品种地上部不同器官 NSC/N 随着籽粒的不断充实呈现上升趋势,其中茎鞘、穗部 NSC/N 变化最为显著； eBL 减小了叶片和茎鞘中的 NSC/N, Brz 则反之,但喷施 BRs 后穗部变化规律不明显。籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12比常规杂交粳稻常优3号具有更强的剑叶光合速率,更高的干物质和氮素及 NSC 积累量,更大的灌浆前期 NSC 和氮素转运量,最终籽粒实际产量较常优3号增加5.03%~9.32%； eBL 对2个水稻品种干物质和氮素积累及 NSC 转运作用规律不一, Brz 对甬优12干物质、氮素积累及 NSC转运抑制效应大于常优3号。
이상규잡교갱도상우3호화선갱잡교초급도용우12위재료,통과협면시비분석료유채소치순(BR)대2개잡교갱도관장기검협광합특성、군체간물질적루、담소흡수이용、비결구성탄수화합물(NSC)적루화식주불동기관NSC/N 적영향。결과표명, BR 대2개수도협편광합생리지표적영향표현위 gs>Tr>Pn>Ci。분시2,4-표유채소내지(eBL)후능구증강관장기협편정광합속솔화증등속솔,유지협록소함량화포간 CO2농도,종이제승협편광합능력；이급증가군체간물질、담소화 NSC 적루량이급간물질적루비례화적루속솔、담소흡수비례화흡수속솔、NSC 전운비례화전운속솔,단강저료담소간물질생산효솔；분시유채소필각(Brz)후적상술생리효응상반。eBL 제승료2개수도품충화후간물질、NSC 화담소적전이량급담소대자립공헌솔,강저료간물질화 NSC 대자립공헌솔； Brz 칙강저료간물질、NSC 급담소적전이량화전이솔,제승료간물질화 NSC 대자립공헌솔。2개잡교갱도정개관장기지상부불동기관 NSC、담소전운량균표현위 eBL>CK>Brz,자립관장전기>자립관장후기。2개수도품충지상부불동기관 NSC/N 수착자립적불단충실정현상승추세,기중경초、수부 NSC/N 변화최위현저； eBL 감소료협편화경초중적 NSC/N, Brz 칙반지,단분시 BRs 후수부변화규률불명현。선갱잡교초급도용우12비상규잡교갱도상우3호구유경강적검협광합속솔,경고적간물질화담소급 NSC 적루량,경대적관장전기 NSC 화담소전운량,최종자립실제산량교상우3호증가5.03%~9.32%； eBL 대2개수도품충간물질화담소적루급 NSC 전운작용규률불일, Brz 대용우12간물질、담소적루급 NSC전운억제효응대우상우3호。
Taking the conventional japonica hybrid rice Changyou 3 and indica-japonica super hybrid rice Yongyou 12 as materi-als, the experiment analyzed the effects of brassinosteroids (BRs) on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, ni-trogen absorption and utilization, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) accumulation and the NSC/N ratio of different plant organs during grain filling stage. Results showed that the effect of BRs on photosynthetic indexes presented as gs>Tr>Pn>Ci. Spraying 2,4-epibrassinolide (eBL) could enhance net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr), maintain chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and eventually improve the leaves’ photosynthetic capacity during grain filling stage. It could also increase the amounts of dry matter, nitrogen and NSC accumulation, the proportions and rates of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen absorption and NSC transportation, but reduce the dry matter production efficiency of nitrogen nutrition. The effect of Brz was on the contrary. Spraying eBL improved amounts of the dry matter, NSC, nitrogen and the contribution rate to grains made by nitrogen of the two rice varieties, reduced the contribution rate to grains made by dry matters and NSC after flowering. However, brassinazole (Brz) decreased transfer amounts and rates of the dry matter, NSC and nitrogen, promoted the contribution rate to grains made by dry matters and NSC. The transfer amounts of NSC and nitrogen of different organs in shoot of the two hybrid rice varieties were shown as eBL>CK>Brz, and early stage of grain filling (EGF) > late stage of grain filling (LGF). The NSC/N of different organs in shoot of the two rice varieties showed an increasing tendency with filling, among which the changes in stem-sheath and panicle were the most significant. Spraying eBL decreased the NSC/N of stem-sheath and leaf, Spraying Brz promoted it, while the effects of BRs on panicle was not clear. Yongyou 12 had a stronger net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves, greater accumulations of dry matter, NSC and nitrogen, larger transfer amounts of NSC and nitrogen in early stage of grain filling, and finally its actual yield was 5.03%-9.32% higher than that of Changyou 3. Spraying eBL showed a diverse rule on the accu-mulations of dry matter, nitrogen and NSC transportation of the two rice varieties. The inhibiting effect of Brz on dry matter and nitrogen accumulations and NSC transferring was stronger in Yongyou 12 than that of Changyou 3.