CAJ | 학술논문

为了进一步认识闪电和固、液态降水的关系，本文利用三维雷暴云动力-电耦合数值模式，通过设置敏感性试验组，模拟了一次雷暴过程，分析雷暴中闪电和降水的特征，以及闪电和固、液态降水对垂直风速的依赖关系，探讨闪电与固、液态降水的时空分布关系和单次闪电表征的降水量（RPF： rainyields per flash）。结果表明：对流云降水中，液态降水占主要部分，但固态降水比液态降水对于垂直风速的依赖性更强。随着对流的增强，固态降水在总降水中占的比重越来越大。首次放电时间不断提前，闪电峰值落后垂直风速峰值，总闪数一开始随对流的增强而增加，对流一旦增强到一定程度，总闪数则逐渐减小。固态降水和液态降水的开始时间和峰值时间均随着对流的增强而不断提前，而液态降水出现时间和峰值时间均提前于固态降水。雷暴云首次放电的时间滞后于液态降水，而闪电峰值提前固态降水峰值或与固态降水峰值同时产生。雷暴云中的放电活动集中在强降水区域前缘的较弱降水区，强降水区对应的闪电较少，对流的增强会使降水区域面积、降水量和降水强度增加。由于液态降水总量远大于固态降水总量，固、液态RPF的数值相差达到一个量级，但单位时间内固态降水和液态降水增加的速率相近。在单位时间内闪电次数越多，RPF则越小，而固态RPF和闪电次数的线性相关性明显好于液态RPF，所以利用固态降水可以更好地预报闪电。这些结果有助于进一步认识闪电和降水的关系，并可为闪电预报提供新的思路。
위료진일보인식섬전화고、액태강수적관계，본문이용삼유뇌폭운동력-전우합수치모식，통과설치민감성시험조，모의료일차뇌폭과정，분석뇌폭중섬전화강수적특정，이급섬전화고、액태강수대수직풍속적의뢰관계，탐토섬전여고、액태강수적시공분포관계화단차섬전표정적강수량（RPF： rainyields per flash）。결과표명：대류운강수중，액태강수점주요부분，단고태강수비액태강수대우수직풍속적의뢰성경강。수착대류적증강，고태강수재총강수중점적비중월래월대。수차방전시간불단제전，섬전봉치락후수직풍속봉치，총섬수일개시수대류적증강이증가，대류일단증강도일정정도，총섬수칙축점감소。고태강수화액태강수적개시시간화봉치시간균수착대류적증강이불단제전，이액태강수출현시간화봉치시간균제전우고태강수。뇌폭운수차방전적시간체후우액태강수，이섬전봉치제전고태강수봉치혹여고태강수봉치동시산생。뇌폭운중적방전활동집중재강강수구역전연적교약강수구，강강수구대응적섬전교소，대류적증강회사강수구역면적、강수량화강수강도증가。유우액태강수총량원대우고태강수총량，고、액태RPF적수치상차체도일개량급，단단위시간내고태강수화액태강수증가적속솔상근。재단위시간내섬전차수월다，RPF칙월소，이고태RPF화섬전차수적선성상관성명현호우액태RPF，소이이용고태강수가이경호지예보섬전。저사결과유조우진일보인식섬전화강수적관계，병가위섬전예보제공신적사로。
In order to further understand the differences between lightning and solid/liquid precipitation relationships, a three-dimensional dynamics–electrification coupled model is used to perform sensitivity tests to research the characteristics of lightning and precipitation. The vertical wind upon which lightning and precipitation rely, the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning and solid/liquid precipitation, and rain-yields per flash (RPF) are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the liquid precipitation accounts for the most part of total precipitation, but the solid precipitation is more dependent on vertical wind velocity than liquid precipitation. With the development of convection, the proportion of solid precipitation is increasing. The time of first discharge and the beginning and peak values of liquid and solid precipitation are more advanced. The peak value of lightning lags behind vertical wind and the lightning number first increases then decreases. The liquid precipitation starts before solid precipitation. The first discharge lags behind the beginning of liquid precipitation, but occurs before solid precipitation, or they occur at the same time. The most flashes in the thunderstorms are negative, and the positive and negative leaders’ channel projections are located in the slight precipitation area where the leading edge of the heavy precipitation area is. Lightning rarely occurs in the heavy precipitation area. The enhanced convection enlarges the precipitation area and increases the precipitation intensity. Because the amount of liquid precipitation is much more than solid precipitation, there is an order of magnitude difference between the solid RPF and liquid RPF. The growth rates of liquid and solid precipitation are close. The more lightning takes place in unit time, the smaller the RPF is. The relationship between solid precipitation and lightning could be utilized in lightning forecasts, because solid RPF is much more relative to lightning than liquid RPF. The results of this paper offer a further understanding of the relationship between lightning and precipitation, and also suggest a new line of thought regarding lightning forecasts.