CAJ | 학술논문

近几十年来，全球气候变暖背景下夏季中国大陆大中城市的极端高温事件趋于频繁，其时空格局发生了显著变化，并对社会经济环境造成了严重的影响。中国气象局最近发布的数据表明，福州市因高温天数最多而被称为中国“第一火炉”，一度引起热议。本文利用逐日的观测资料建立了多个极端高温指数（极端高温天数、极端最高气温、平均最高气温和炎热指数等）序列，综合分析了在1960～2013年间夏季福州市极端高温的变化趋势，并与传统的“四大火炉”城市（重庆、武汉、南昌和南京）做了比较。结果表明：福州市的高温指数在20世纪60、70年代并不突出，但在1970年代末和1990年代初经历两次转折后，均有显著的上升过程，其中，极端高温天数、日最高平均气温和相对湿度在2000年左右均发生了一次显著的突变；进入21世纪后，除了在年平均极端最高气温不如重庆高外，其他各项极端高温指数均超过传统的“四大火炉”。分析还表明，21世纪初以后，中国东部沿海地区特别是福州市的极端高温是由大气环流变异引起的，其贡献主要源自低层水平和垂直温度平流的异常，而局地非绝热加热的贡献较小。此外，近十年来，西太平洋副热带高压的明显西伸也有利于夏季中国南方城市的极端高温事件的频繁发生。
근궤십년래，전구기후변난배경하하계중국대륙대중성시적겁단고온사건추우빈번，기시공격국발생료현저변화，병대사회경제배경조성료엄중적영향。중국기상국최근발포적수거표명，복주시인고온천수최다이피칭위중국“제일화로”，일도인기열의。본문이용축일적관측자료건립료다개겁단고온지수（겁단고온천수、겁단최고기온、평균최고기온화염열지수등）서렬，종합분석료재1960～2013년간하계복주시겁단고온적변화추세，병여전통적“사대화로”성시（중경、무한、남창화남경）주료비교。결과표명：복주시적고온지수재20세기60、70년대병불돌출，단재1970년대말화1990년대초경력량차전절후，균유현저적상승과정，기중，겁단고온천수、일최고평균기온화상대습도재2000년좌우균발생료일차현저적돌변；진입21세기후，제료재년평균겁단최고기온불여중경고외，기타각항겁단고온지수균초과전통적“사대화로”。분석환표명，21세기초이후，중국동부연해지구특별시복주시적겁단고온시유대기배류변이인기적，기공헌주요원자저층수평화수직온도평류적이상，이국지비절열가열적공헌교소。차외，근십년래，서태평양부열대고압적명현서신야유리우하계중국남방성시적겁단고온사건적빈번발생。
Recent years have seen an exceptionally large number of heat extremes in large- and medium-sized cities around China under global warming, some causing major human suffering and economic damage. The latest data from the China Meteorological Administration show that Fuzhou has become “the first furnace”, according to experiencing the largest number of high temperature days, which has triggered intensive discussion. The present study compares the heat in Fuzhou with that of the traditional“four big furnaces”(Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang, and Nanjing), in terms of several extreme heat indices (EHIs)—high temperature days, extreme maximum temperature, mean high temperature, and heat index—based on daily observed data. The results indicate that the heat in Fuzhou was not particularly strong in the 1960s and 1970s, but in recent decades, Fuzhou has become one of the hottest cities in China following two stages of increase around the late 1970s and early 1990s. Almost all the extreme heat indices, except the extreme maximum temperature, reveal Fuzhou outpaced the other four cities during the last decade. The EHIs of Fuzhou experienced an abrupt climatic change around 2000, which was associated with the decadal variability of atmospheric circulation over East Asia. The lower horizontal and vertical temperature advection and westward extension of the subtropical high can largely explain the intensive and frequent heat extremes in Fuzhou during the past decade.