土壤与作物
土壤與作物
토양여작물
Soil and Crop
2015年
4期
176-182
,共7页
陇东%黑垆土%冬小麦%平衡施肥模式
隴東%黑壚土%鼕小麥%平衡施肥模式
롱동%흑로토%동소맥%평형시비모식
dry plateau of eastern Gansu%black loessial soil%winter wheat%balanced fertilization mode
覆盖黑垆土和梯田黑垆土是陇东地区冬小麦的主要种植土壤，盲目施肥是冬小麦生产效益低下的重要原因。选择覆盖黑垆土和梯田黑垆土的典型地块，采用两年定点“3414”试验，通过田间试验研究冬小麦平衡施肥模式，研究两种土壤冬小麦氮磷钾最佳施用量和最优组合，为陇东旱塬冬小麦科学施肥提供理论依据。结果表明：陇东旱塬覆盖黑垆土冬小麦田平衡施肥模型为Y＝23.98＋20.44 X1－0.64 X12＋14.61 X2－0.07 X22＋86.88 X3－8.21 X32－0.15 X1 X2－2.96 X1 X3－2.77 X2 X3，最佳经济施肥量为N：149.9 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：82.1 kg· hm－2； K2 O：29.9 kg· hm－2；陇东旱塬梯田黑垆土冬小麦平衡施肥模型为Y＝208.25＋5.87 X1－0.45 X21－7.96 X2＋0.26 X22＋12.69 X3＋2.02 X23＋1.74 X1 X2－2.38 X1 X3－1.09 X2 X3，最佳经济施肥量为N：107.0 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：70.5 kg· hm－2； K2 O：37.5 kg· hm－2。陇东旱塬黑垆土钾素营养丰富，氮、磷养分缺乏，氮、磷肥增产效果显著，且互作效应明显，钾肥无明显增产效应。图2，表4，参9。
覆蓋黑壚土和梯田黑壚土是隴東地區鼕小麥的主要種植土壤，盲目施肥是鼕小麥生產效益低下的重要原因。選擇覆蓋黑壚土和梯田黑壚土的典型地塊，採用兩年定點“3414”試驗，通過田間試驗研究鼕小麥平衡施肥模式，研究兩種土壤鼕小麥氮燐鉀最佳施用量和最優組閤，為隴東旱塬鼕小麥科學施肥提供理論依據。結果錶明：隴東旱塬覆蓋黑壚土鼕小麥田平衡施肥模型為Y＝23.98＋20.44 X1－0.64 X12＋14.61 X2－0.07 X22＋86.88 X3－8.21 X32－0.15 X1 X2－2.96 X1 X3－2.77 X2 X3，最佳經濟施肥量為N：149.9 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：82.1 kg· hm－2； K2 O：29.9 kg· hm－2；隴東旱塬梯田黑壚土鼕小麥平衡施肥模型為Y＝208.25＋5.87 X1－0.45 X21－7.96 X2＋0.26 X22＋12.69 X3＋2.02 X23＋1.74 X1 X2－2.38 X1 X3－1.09 X2 X3，最佳經濟施肥量為N：107.0 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：70.5 kg· hm－2； K2 O：37.5 kg· hm－2。隴東旱塬黑壚土鉀素營養豐富，氮、燐養分缺乏，氮、燐肥增產效果顯著，且互作效應明顯，鉀肥無明顯增產效應。圖2，錶4，參9。
복개흑로토화제전흑로토시롱동지구동소맥적주요충식토양，맹목시비시동소맥생산효익저하적중요원인。선택복개흑로토화제전흑로토적전형지괴，채용량년정점“3414”시험，통과전간시험연구동소맥평형시비모식，연구량충토양동소맥담린갑최가시용량화최우조합，위롱동한원동소맥과학시비제공이론의거。결과표명：롱동한원복개흑로토동소맥전평형시비모형위Y＝23.98＋20.44 X1－0.64 X12＋14.61 X2－0.07 X22＋86.88 X3－8.21 X32－0.15 X1 X2－2.96 X1 X3－2.77 X2 X3，최가경제시비량위N：149.9 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：82.1 kg· hm－2； K2 O：29.9 kg· hm－2；롱동한원제전흑로토동소맥평형시비모형위Y＝208.25＋5.87 X1－0.45 X21－7.96 X2＋0.26 X22＋12.69 X3＋2.02 X23＋1.74 X1 X2－2.38 X1 X3－1.09 X2 X3，최가경제시비량위N：107.0 kg· hm－2； P2 O5：70.5 kg· hm－2； K2 O：37.5 kg· hm－2。롱동한원흑로토갑소영양봉부，담、린양분결핍，담、린비증산효과현저，차호작효응명현，갑비무명현증산효응。도2，표4，삼9。
Mulching black loessial soil and terrance black loessial soil are the main soils for winter wheat production in eastern Gansu province.Unreasonable fertilization is an important reason for the winter wheat′s low production efficiency.This study aims to examine a balanced fertilization model for winter wheat through field test , which can provide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of winter wheat in dry plateau of eastern Gansu.Choosing typical field of mulching black loessial soil and terrance black loessial soil , through fixed point "3414"test for two years , the optimum NPK application rates and the optimum combination on winter wheat in these two soils were investigated.The results showed:balanced fertilization mode of winter wheat in mulching black loessial soil was Y =23.98+20.44X1 -0.64X21 +14.61X2 -0.07X22 +86.88X3 -8.21X23 -0.15X1 X2 -2.96X1 X3 -2.77X2 X3 , the best economic application rate was 149.9 kg· hm-2 N, 82.1 kg· hm-2 P2 O5 , 29.9 kg· hm-2 K2 O, respectively;the balanced fertilization mode in terrance lo-essial soil was Y=208.25+5.87X1 -0.45X21 -7.96X2 +0.26X22 +12.69X3 +2.02X23 +1.74X1X2 -2.38X1X3 -1.09X2X3, the best economic application rate was 107.0 kg· hm-2 N, 70.5 kg· hm-2 P2 O5 , 37.5 kg· hm-2 K2 O, respectively.Potassium nutrient was rich, while nitrogen and phosphorus were lack in the soils of dry plateau of eastern Gansu .Nitrogen and phosphorus significantly improved winter wheat yield , and their interaction effects were also significant.Potassium had no significant effect on yield.
