CAJ | 학술논문

基于文化生态学、景观地理学的分析视角, 采用地理比较法和长时段历史过程分析法剖析福建客家土楼的文化地理内涵, 认为福建客家土楼的文化地理意义不能仅限于土楼本身特征的分析. 客家人从中原而来, 而中原是 "四战之地", 战乱频仍, 中原居民渴望寻找相对完全的理想家园. 西侧关中盆地的 "四塞之地" 地形, 构成中原居民的理想家园模式. 中原居民南迁至赣闽粤山区时, 终于找到了这样的理想家园. 外围的高大山脉构成了第一重 "四塞之地", 内部的相对低矮的山地构成了第二重 "四塞之地", 在此基础上, 坚固结实且全方位封闭的土楼, 构成了最为安全的第三重 "四塞之地". 因此, 从文化地理角度而言, 土楼是"四塞之地" 的极致化的产物. 在这种实践基础上形成了形势派风水理论, 并反馈至客家聚落的实践中, 使得客家聚落成为中国风水案例的典型区和代表区和中国独具特色的地域文化遗产.
기우문화생태학、 경관지이학적분석시각, 채용지리비교법화장시단역사과정분석법부석복건객가토루적문화지리내함, 인위복건객가토루적문화지리의의불능부한우토루본신특정적분석. 객가인종중원이래, 이중원시 "사전지지", 전란빈잉, 중원거민갈망심조상대완전적이상가완. 서측관중분지적 "사새지지" 지형, 구성중원거민적이상가완모식. 중원거민남천지공민월산구시, 종우조도료저양적이상가완. 외위적고대산맥구성료제일중 "사새지지", 내부적상대저왜적산지구성료제이중 "사새지지", 재차기출상, 견고결실차전방위봉폐적토루, 구성료최위안전적제삼중 "사새지지". 인차, 종문화지리각도이언, 토루시"사새지지" 적겁치화적산물. 재저충실천기출상형성료형세파풍수이론, 병반궤지객가취락적실천중, 사득객가취락성위중국풍수안례적전형구화대표구화중국독구특색적지역문화유산.
As a world cultural heritage, the research of cultural and geographic significance of Fujian Hakka Earth Building cannot be limited to characteristics of itself. Hakka were from the Central Plains which was"Four War′s place" with frequent wars, and there arose among them a strong inner desire to find ideal homes after the Central Plains residents suffered endless wars. The terrain of Guanzhong Ba-sin, which was"Four Obstructions′place", had been recognized as their ideal home mode. When the residents moved to the south of Fujian and Guangdong Jiangxi mountainous areas, they found places for such ideal home. The periphery of high mountains constitutes the first circle of "Four Obstructions′place", the internal of relatively low mountains constitutes the second "Four Obstructions′place", and based on this, solid and a full range of closed Hakka Earth Building constitutes the safest third "Four Obstructions′place". Therefore, from the perspective of cultural geography, Hakka Earth Building is a product of "Four Obstructions′place" and takes it to extremes. Feng shui theory based on this practice was formed and fed back to the practice of Hakka Settlements, and Hakka settlements become a typical region and representative area of Chinese geomantic omen, as a unique cultural heritage of our country.