CAJ | 학술논문

为探索黑土区耕地质量稳定提升、作物持续稳产高产的有效施肥模式，利用始于1979年的定位试验，研究了长期不同施肥措施对黑土物理性质（1项）、化学性质（8项）和生物肥力指标（4项）的影响，并运用主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行了综合评价。结果表明：长期施肥增加土壤养分含量，有机无机肥配施降低土壤容重。长期单施化肥导致土壤酸化，有机无机肥配施减缓土壤酸化。运用主成分分析对13个土壤肥力指标降维，提取到3个主成分，涵盖了原始数据信息总量的89．6％。系统聚类得到不同施肥措施的培肥效果为N2 P2 M2＞ NPKM 、NPM ＞M2、M ＞NPK、N2 P2＞NP、CK ，有机肥与化肥配施为黑土最佳的培肥模式。综合评价培肥土壤、作物产量和环境效应，推荐常量化肥和有机肥配施（MNPK）为黑土最佳培肥模式。
위탐색흑토구경지질량은정제승、작물지속은산고산적유효시비모식，이용시우1979년적정위시험，연구료장기불동시비조시대흑토물이성질（1항）、화학성질（8항）화생물비력지표（4항）적영향，병운용주성분분석화취류분석대기진행료종합평개。결과표명：장기시비증가토양양분함량，유궤무궤비배시강저토양용중。장기단시화비도치토양산화，유궤무궤비배시감완토양산화。운용주성분분석대13개토양비력지표강유，제취도3개주성분，함개료원시수거신식총량적89．6％。계통취류득도불동시비조시적배비효과위N2 P2 M2＞ NPKM 、NPM ＞M2、M ＞NPK、N2 P2＞NP、CK ，유궤비여화비배시위흑토최가적배비모식。종합평개배비토양、작물산량화배경효응，추천상양화비화유궤비배시（MNPK）위흑토최가배비모식。
In order to explore the effective fertilization mode to improve the cultivated land quality ,and crop con‐tinuous output ,based on long‐term experiment with various fertilizations in black soil of northeast China ,soil physical property (bulk density ) ,chemical properties (organic matter ,total nitrogen ,total phosphorus ,total potassium ,available nitrogen ,available phosphorus ,available potassium and pH ) ,and biological properties (dissolved organic carbon ,dissolved organic nitrogen ,soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen) were analyzed .Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate these data .The results showed that long‐term fertilization could increase soil nutrient content , and compared with non‐fertilization and chemical fertilizer treatments ,combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer reduced soil bulk density .Long‐term fertilization of chemical fertilizer could make the soil acidification ,and organic manure and inorganic fertilizer could slow down the soil acidification .According to principal component analysis ,three principal components extracted from the initial 13 indices reflected 89 .6%of the original information quantity .The effects of different patterns of long‐term fertilization on soil fertility based on hierarchical cluster analysis displayed the order of N2 P2 M2 > NPKM ,NPM> M2 ,M> NPK ,N2 P2 >NP ,CK .Thus ,combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer was the best fertilizer application model in black soil .Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility ,crop yield and environmental effect showed that combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer with conventional fertilization (MNPK) was recommended for enriching soil fertility in black soil .