CAJ | 학술논문

本研究通过评估不同饲养卫生清洁状况下微生物气溶胶的浓度对肉鸭生产性能的影响,为建立家禽养殖环境微生物气溶胶标准提供参考. 选用600只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机平均分配到1个对照组(A组)和4个清洁卫生条件逐步变差的试验组(B、C、D、E组),每组3个重复,每个重复40只. 使用国际标准的Andersen-6级和AGI-30空气微生物采集器收集各组空气样品,检测微生物气溶胶浓度. 检测鸭血清促肾上腺皮质激素( ACTH )浓度变化,评估其应激强度. 与此相应地对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰指标等进行检测与评定,分析微生物气溶胶对肉鸭机体的影响. 结果显示:当肉鸭舍的微生物气溶胶浓度升高至气载需氧菌为 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3、气载真菌为2.63×104 CFU/m3、气载革兰氏阴性菌为3.09×104 CFU/m3、气载内毒素为41.78×103 EU/m3 时(D组),该组肉鸭的血清ACTH浓度、料重比、死淘率显著或极显著高于对照组( P<0.05或P<0.01) ,该组肉鸭的平均日增重、胸肌率、胸肌重、屠宰率、屠体重显著或极显著低于对照组(P<0.05 或P<0.01). 由此可见,微生物气溶胶可显著降低肉鸭的生产性能,气载需氧菌 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3、气载真菌 2. 63 × 104 CFU/m3、气载革兰氏阴性菌 3. 09 × 104 CFU/m3、气载内毒素41.78×103 EU/m3 可初步作为肉鸭养殖环境中的微生物气溶胶上限标准.
본연구통과평고불동사양위생청길상황하미생물기용효적농도대육압생산성능적영향,위건립가금양식배경미생물기용효표준제공삼고. 선용600지1일령적앵도곡육압,수궤평균분배도1개대조조(A조)화4개청길위생조건축보변차적시험조(B、C、D、E조),매조3개중복,매개중복40지. 사용국제표준적Andersen-6급화AGI-30공기미생물채집기수집각조공기양품,검측미생물기용효농도. 검측압혈청촉신상선피질격소( ACTH )농도변화,평고기응격강도. 여차상응지대육압생장성능、도재지표등진행검측여평정,분석미생물기용효대육압궤체적영향. 결과현시:당육압사적미생물기용효농도승고지기재수양균위 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3、기재진균위2.63×104 CFU/m3、기재혁란씨음성균위3.09×104 CFU/m3、기재내독소위41.78×103 EU/m3 시(D조),해조육압적혈청ACTH농도、료중비、사도솔현저혹겁현저고우대조조( P<0.05혹P<0.01) ,해조육압적평균일증중、흉기솔、흉기중、도재솔、도체중현저혹겁현저저우대조조(P<0.05 혹P<0.01). 유차가견,미생물기용효가현저강저육압적생산성능,기재수양균 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3、기재진균 2. 63 × 104 CFU/m3、기재혁란씨음성균 3. 09 × 104 CFU/m3、기재내독소41.78×103 EU/m3 가초보작위육압양식배경중적미생물기용효상한표준.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different microbial aerosol concentrations on the performance of meat ducks and shed light on the establishment of microbial aerosol concentration standards for poultry breeding. A total of 600 one-day-old Cherry Valley duck were selected and randomly divided into five groups ( one standardized management as control group named group A and four test group with sanitary condi-tions gradually becoming poor respectively named groups B, C, D and E) . Each group was set up for three re-peats and each repeat contained 40 ducks. Air samples were collected by two air microorganism sample collec-tors Andersen-6 and AGI-30 to detect the composition and content of microbial aerosol. The concentration changes of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH) of ducks were detected to evaluate animal stress intensity. Correspondingly, the performance indicators, slaughter index and so on were tested and evaluated to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the duck body. The results showed that when microbial aerosol con-centrations (group D) reached 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3, 2. 63 × 104 CFU/m3, 3. 09 × 104 CFU/m3, 41. 78 × 103 EU/m3 for aerobic bacteria, fungi, gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin, respectively, the ACTH con-centration of serum, feed to gain ratio, mortality of meat ducks were significantly increased compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01);the daily gain, breast muscle percentage, carcass weight, slaughter rate of the meat duck were significantly reduced compared with that of the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Our study indicates that microbial aerosol can significantly reduce the performance of ducks. Furthermore, the microbial aerosol parameters of airborne aerobic bacteria ( 2. 96 × 105 CFU/m3 ) , airborne fungi ( 2. 63 × 104 CFU/m3), airborne Gram-negative bacteria (3.09×104 CFU/m3) and airborne endotoxin concentration (41.78×103 EU/m3) can be preliminarily used for the upper limit of the standard of microbial aerosol in duck breeding environment.