CAJ | 학술논문

蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋中重金属元素污染对动物健康及畜产品安全造成危害,本文旨在评估四川省蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋的重金属含量现状. 采集四川省内14个大中型饲料公司和4个大型养殖场不同时期( 18个产蛋高峰期、11个育雏育成期和6个产蛋前期)的蛋鸡配合饲料以及11个品牌的鸡蛋,用电感耦合等离子体质谱( ICP-MS)对锰( Mn)、铜( Cu)、锌( Zn)、钒( V)、铬( Cr)、钴( Co)、镍( Ni)、砷( As)、硒( Se)、钼( Mo)、镉( Cd)、汞( Hg)和铅( Pb)的含量进行了研究. 结果表明:样品中重金属的分布不均衡,不符合正态分布,其中产蛋高峰期配合饲料中的Cr和育雏育成期中的Pb含量较高,分别为5.61和2.74 mg/kg,其平均Cr和Pb含量未超出限量标准( 10 和5 mg/kg) ,但部分来源饲料样品超出限量标准,超标率分别为11. 1%和18.2%. 饲料中的As、Cd、Hg均未超过我国《饲料卫生标准》限量;另外产蛋高峰期配合饲料中的V含量为1.74 mg/kg,最高检测值为5.2 mg/kg,超过了《Mineral Tolerance of Animals》中蛋鸡对V的耐受剂量(5 mg/kg),超标率为5.6%,但我国《饲料卫生标准》中并未规定其限量. 本次抽样调查发现不同时期的蛋鸡配合饲料中重金属含量差异不显著(P>0.05),鸡蛋样品中Pb、Hg、As、Cr、Cd等金属的含量未超过限量标准. 综上所述:四川地区蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋中的重金属含量随厂家和品牌的不同含量差异较大,其中Cr和Pb含量在部分饲料公司中超标严重;此外,具有潜在危险的重金属 V 在蛋鸡配合饲料中含量较高,且国内没有限量标准,应引起重视.
단계배합사료화계단중중금속원소오염대동물건강급축산품안전조성위해,본문지재평고사천성단계배합사료화계단적중금속함량현상. 채집사천성내14개대중형사료공사화4개대형양식장불동시기( 18개산단고봉기、11개육추육성기화6개산단전기)적단계배합사료이급11개품패적계단,용전감우합등리자체질보( ICP-MS)대맹( Mn)、동( Cu)、자( Zn)、범( V)、락( Cr)、고( Co)、얼( Ni)、신( As)、서( Se)、목( Mo)、력( Cd)、홍( Hg)화연( Pb)적함량진행료연구. 결과표명:양품중중금속적분포불균형,불부합정태분포,기중산단고봉기배합사료중적Cr화육추육성기중적Pb함량교고,분별위5.61화2.74 mg/kg,기평균Cr화Pb함량미초출한량표준( 10 화5 mg/kg) ,단부분래원사료양품초출한량표준,초표솔분별위11. 1%화18.2%. 사료중적As、Cd、Hg균미초과아국《사료위생표준》한량;령외산단고봉기배합사료중적V함량위1.74 mg/kg,최고검측치위5.2 mg/kg,초과료《Mineral Tolerance of Animals》중단계대V적내수제량(5 mg/kg),초표솔위5.6%,단아국《사료위생표준》중병미규정기한량. 본차추양조사발현불동시기적단계배합사료중중금속함량차이불현저(P>0.05),계단양품중Pb、Hg、As、Cr、Cd등금속적함량미초과한량표준. 종상소술:사천지구단계배합사료화계단중적중금속함량수엄가화품패적불동함량차이교대,기중Cr화Pb함량재부분사료공사중초표엄중;차외,구유잠재위험적중금속 V 재단계배합사료중함량교고,차국내몰유한량표준,응인기중시.
Compound feeds of laying hen and eggs run a risk of heavy metals pollution, which is a potential hazard to animal health and safety of animal products. A total of 35 compound feeds at different periods ( 18 kinds of laying peak period, 11 kinds of brood incubation period, and 6 kinds of pre-peak laying period ) sourced from 11 different feed companies and 4 large commercial farms and 11 brands of eggs in Sichuan prov-ince were sampled to investigate the status and potential hazards of the 13 common heavy metal elements. The contents of manganese ( Mn) , copper ( Cu) , zinc ( Zn) , vanadium ( V) , cobalt ( Co) , nickel ( Ni) , arse-nic ( As) , selenium ( Se) , molybdenum ( Mo) , cadmium ( Cd) , mercury ( Hg) , and lead ( Pb) were deter-mined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) . The results showed as follows:the dis-tributions of the heavy metals in the samples were not in equilibrium, and they didn' t obey the normal distribu-tion. The average concentration of Cr and Pb in compound feeds of laying peak and brood incubation periods were 5.61 and 2.74 mg/kg, respectively, which were under the limits standard (10 and 5 mg/kg), but some companies' feeds were observed to exceed the limits standard at 11.1% and 18.2%. The contents of As, Cd, Hg in other feeds did not exceed the National Hygienic Standard for Feeds. In addition, the average level of V in compound feeds of laying peak period was 1. 74 mg/kg, whereas the maximum detection value was 5.2 mg/kg, which beyond the tolerated level of vanadium in the feed as suggested by United States standard (5 mg/kg), and the over standard rate of V was 5. 6%. However, the standard of the National Hygienic Standard for Feeds did not set its limits. Moreover, the detection of heavy metals in eggs had not been found to exceed the standard. In summary, the heavy metal content of different layer' s feeds and different brands of eggs in Sichuan is differed at large scale. Cr and Pb are shown to exceed its limits levels in some companies feed in current survey. In addition, the potential risk of heavy metal V in laying hen diets with high content, and there is no limited domestic standards, which should pay attention to in future.