CAJ | 학술논문

马克思的"劳动实践生存论"是对西方传统"生存论"──"形而上学本体论"──的当代理论超越,它具有"终极关怀"与"现实境遇"的双重视角. 随着马克思对当代人类的主流生存模式──资本主义生存模式──的思考视角从"终极关怀"意义转向"现实境遇"意义,引发了马克思理论的全面创新. 在马克思对其"剩余价值学说"的发展中表现出了一定的理论创新,具体表现为:其一,对劳动价值论的修正;其二,对剩余价值来源的修正;其三,对资本家具有企业与社会双重角色的界定;其四,承认社会主义初级阶段仍然存在"剩余价值生产",因此其分配原则也包括某些"按资分配". 总之,马克思对于"剩余价值问题"的最后态度是:鉴于"剩余价值生产"是人类历史的必经阶段,每一个人在其中扮演的社会角色是不可避免的.
마극사적"노동실천생존론"시대서방전통"생존론"──"형이상학본체론"──적당대이론초월,타구유"종겁관부"여"현실경우"적쌍중시각. 수착마극사대당대인류적주류생존모식──자본주의생존모식──적사고시각종"종겁관부"의의전향"현실경우"의의,인발료마극사이론적전면창신. 재마극사대기"잉여개치학설"적발전중표현출료일정적이론창신,구체표현위:기일,대노동개치론적수정;기이,대잉여개치래원적수정;기삼,대자본가구유기업여사회쌍중각색적계정;기사,승인사회주의초급계단잉연존재"잉여개치생산",인차기분배원칙야포괄모사"안자분배". 총지,마극사대우"잉여개치문제"적최후태도시:감우"잉여개치생산"시인류역사적필경계단,매일개인재기중분연적사회각색시불가피면적.
Marx' s labor-practical existentialism theoretically enhanced western traditional existentialism of metaphysical ontology, which simultaneously concerns about the ultimate end and reality of life. After an overlook of the existence modes of capitalism that has became the main one in modern times, Marx created his new theory based on the transformation from an ultimate concern to reality care. To address such kind of Marx' s theoretical creativity, his contributions to surplus value theory should be a good example, including his modifications of labor value theory, his finding the origins of surplus values, his definitions of the double social roles of capitalists, and his acknowledge of surplus value productions and therefore necessary distributions according to capital at the preliminary stage of socialism. It can be concluded that Marx believes that surplus value productions are unavoidable in human history. Thus, it is inevitable that every person would be somehow involved in surplus value productions.