中国心理卫生杂志
中國心理衛生雜誌
중국심리위생잡지
Chinese Mental Health Journal
2015年
11期
852-857
,共6页
大学生%感恩%助人行为%情景实验
大學生%感恩%助人行為%情景實驗
대학생%감은%조인행위%정경실험
college students%gratitude%helping behavior%situational experiment
目的：考察感恩、负债感、快乐3种情绪状态对助人行为的作用及其差异。方法：选取河南某高校3个班的190名大学生，采用感恩、负债感、快乐3种情景实验来激发被试的相应情绪，每班随机接受一种情景实验，采用人性的哲学量表（PHN）中的利他主义分量表、自编的助人和主动助人测评工具测量大学生的利他观念、助人和主动助人行为，采用协方差分析和回归分析对数据进行统计处理。结果：在助人和主动助人上，协变量利他观念的效果显著[F （1，186）＝9.24、10.52，均P＜0.01]；情绪状态的主效应显著[F （2，186）＝3.50、3.45，均P＜0.05]。进一步多重事后比较发现，感恩状态下被试的助人和主动助人行为得分均高于快乐状态下的得分[（4.21±0.10）vs.（3.86±0.09），（4.22±0.09）vs.（3.90±0.08）]。回归分析结果显示，感恩能正向预测助人和主动助人行为（β＝0.33、0.20），快乐能正向预测主动助人行为（β＝0.16）。结论：排除利他观念的影响后，感恩状态下的被试比快乐状态下的被试表现出更多的助人和主动助人行为，感恩比快乐更有助于助人行为的培养。
目的：攷察感恩、負債感、快樂3種情緒狀態對助人行為的作用及其差異。方法：選取河南某高校3箇班的190名大學生，採用感恩、負債感、快樂3種情景實驗來激髮被試的相應情緒，每班隨機接受一種情景實驗，採用人性的哲學量錶（PHN）中的利他主義分量錶、自編的助人和主動助人測評工具測量大學生的利他觀唸、助人和主動助人行為，採用協方差分析和迴歸分析對數據進行統計處理。結果：在助人和主動助人上，協變量利他觀唸的效果顯著[F （1，186）＝9.24、10.52，均P＜0.01]；情緒狀態的主效應顯著[F （2，186）＝3.50、3.45，均P＜0.05]。進一步多重事後比較髮現，感恩狀態下被試的助人和主動助人行為得分均高于快樂狀態下的得分[（4.21±0.10）vs.（3.86±0.09），（4.22±0.09）vs.（3.90±0.08）]。迴歸分析結果顯示，感恩能正嚮預測助人和主動助人行為（β＝0.33、0.20），快樂能正嚮預測主動助人行為（β＝0.16）。結論：排除利他觀唸的影響後，感恩狀態下的被試比快樂狀態下的被試錶現齣更多的助人和主動助人行為，感恩比快樂更有助于助人行為的培養。
목적：고찰감은、부채감、쾌악3충정서상태대조인행위적작용급기차이。방법：선취하남모고교3개반적190명대학생，채용감은、부채감、쾌악3충정경실험래격발피시적상응정서，매반수궤접수일충정경실험，채용인성적철학량표（PHN）중적이타주의분량표、자편적조인화주동조인측평공구측량대학생적이타관념、조인화주동조인행위，채용협방차분석화회귀분석대수거진행통계처리。결과：재조인화주동조인상，협변량이타관념적효과현저[F （1，186）＝9.24、10.52，균P＜0.01]；정서상태적주효응현저[F （2，186）＝3.50、3.45，균P＜0.05]。진일보다중사후비교발현，감은상태하피시적조인화주동조인행위득분균고우쾌악상태하적득분[（4.21±0.10）vs.（3.86±0.09），（4.22±0.09）vs.（3.90±0.08）]。회귀분석결과현시，감은능정향예측조인화주동조인행위（β＝0.33、0.20），쾌악능정향예측주동조인행위（β＝0.16）。결론：배제이타관념적영향후，감은상태하적피시비쾌악상태하적피시표현출경다적조인화주동조인행위，감은비쾌악경유조우조인행위적배양。
Objective:To test the effects and differences of gratitude,indebtedness and happiness on people's helping behaviors. Methods:Totally 190 college students from 3 classes in Henan Province were selected. Three sit-uational experiments of gratitude,indebtedness and happiness were used to inspire participants'mood according-ly. Each class randomized to receive a situational experiment,the altruism subscales of Philosophies of Human Na-ture(PHN),the assessment tool of helping others and helping others voluntarily were used to measure the college students'altruistic idea,helping others and helping behavior voluntarily,and the methods of descriptive statistics,co-variance analysis and regression analysis was adopted. Results:In helping others and helping others voluntarily,ac-cording to the results of covariance analysis,the effect of covariate altruistic ideas was significant [F(1,186)=9. 24,10. 52;Ps<0. 01],and the main effect of emotional state was also significant[F(2,186)=3. 50,3. 45;Ps<0. 05 ]. The scores of helping others and helping others voluntarily were higher in the gratitude group than in the happiness group[(4. 21 ±0. 10)vs. (3. 86 ±0. 09),(4. 22 ±0. 09)vs. (3. 90 ±0. 08)]. Regression analysis showed that gratitude could positively predict helping others and helping others voluntarily(β=0. 33,0. 20),and happiness could positively predict helping others voluntarily(β=0. 16). Conclusion:Excluding the effect of altruism idea to helping others and helping others voluntarily,the effects of emotional state to helping others and helping others vol-untarily are all significant. It suggests that participants under the state of gratitude could show more helping others and helping others voluntarily than participants under happiness,that is to say,comparing with happiness,gratitude may be more conducive to the cultivation of helping behavior.
