目的 了解厦门市18岁以上人群甲状腺疾病流行和病死情况及其影响因素,为下一步防治策略的制订提供依据.方法 2012年4月至2013年8月采用整群分层抽样的方法,在厦门市的思明、湖里和海沧区,各抽取18岁以上的常住居民3 300名以上,采用自行设计的问卷入户开展调查,收集甲状腺疾病患病及相关因素资料;从厦门市死因监测系统收集2012年1月1日至2013年12月31日厦门市户籍人口中因甲状腺疾病病死者相关信息;对调查和收集的资料进行统计学分析.结果 厦门市3个区18岁以上人群甲状腺疾病的患病率为0.82％(85/10 340),其中甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺囊肿、甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺结节的患病率分别为0.36％(37/10 340)、0.13％(13/10340)、0.10％(10/10340)、0.07％(7/10 340)和0.07％(7/10 340).男性甲状腺疾病患病率为0.35％(18/5 170),女性患病率为1.30％(67/5 170),男性患病率低于女性,性别比较差异有统计学意义(x2=28.48,P＜ 0.01).18～、30～、40～、50～、60～、70～岁年龄组甲状腺疾病患病率分别为0.23％(7/3 063)、0.85％(18/2 124)、1.15％(21/1 834)、1.05％(23/2 181)、1.42％ (11/772)、1.37％(5/366),不同年龄组的甲状腺疾病患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=21.81,P＜ 0.01);60～岁组最高,18～岁组最低.丧偶、离异、在婚及未婚甲状腺疾病患病率分别为1.39％ (4/288)、1.06％ (1/94)、0.97％(74/7 632)和0.26％ (6/2 326),不同婚姻状况甲状腺疾病患病率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=2 219.41,P＜0.01).退休人员甲状腺疾病患病率最高,为1.69％(18/1 065);其次是家务人群,为1.54％(20/1 295);军人的患病率最低,为0(0/43);不同职业人群患病率差异有统计学意义(x2=27.58,P＜ 0.01).吸烟者和不吸烟者甲状腺疾病患病率分别为1.01％(77/7 626)和0.30％(8/2 714),吸烟者患病率高于不吸烟者,二者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=12.36,P＜ 0.01).基本不吃、偶尔吃、一般吃和经常吃水产品甲状腺疾病患病率分别为1.97％ (9/458)、0.60％(6/1 060)、0.75％(39/5 188)和0.84％(31/3 694),不同食用量甲状腺疾病患病率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=8.63,P＜0.05);基本不吃、偶尔吃、一般和经常吃紫菜或海带的甲状腺疾病患病率分别为3.20％(20/625)、0.81％(29/3 575)、0.62％(33/5 370)和0.39％(3/770),不同食用量甲状腺疾病患病率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=47.70,P＜0.01).厦门市户籍人口甲状腺疾病平均病死率为0.49/10万,其中甲状腺恶性肿瘤、甲状腺良性肿瘤、甲状腺毒症的平均病死率分别为0.36/10万、0.03/10万、0.10/10万.结论 应加强厦门市甲状腺疾病防控知识的健康教育,提倡健康生活方式,鼓励居民进行甲状腺疾病常规体检,降低甲状腺疾病患病率、病死率.
目的 瞭解廈門市18歲以上人群甲狀腺疾病流行和病死情況及其影響因素,為下一步防治策略的製訂提供依據.方法 2012年4月至2013年8月採用整群分層抽樣的方法,在廈門市的思明、湖裏和海滄區,各抽取18歲以上的常住居民3 300名以上,採用自行設計的問捲入戶開展調查,收集甲狀腺疾病患病及相關因素資料;從廈門市死因鑑測繫統收集2012年1月1日至2013年12月31日廈門市戶籍人口中因甲狀腺疾病病死者相關信息;對調查和收集的資料進行統計學分析.結果 廈門市3箇區18歲以上人群甲狀腺疾病的患病率為0.82％(85/10 340),其中甲狀腺功能亢進、甲狀腺囊腫、甲狀腺炎、甲狀腺功能減退和甲狀腺結節的患病率分彆為0.36％(37/10 340)、0.13％(13/10340)、0.10％(10/10340)、0.07％(7/10 340)和0.07％(7/10 340).男性甲狀腺疾病患病率為0.35％(18/5 170),女性患病率為1.30％(67/5 170),男性患病率低于女性,性彆比較差異有統計學意義(x2=28.48,P＜ 0.01).18～、30～、40～、50～、60～、70～歲年齡組甲狀腺疾病患病率分彆為0.23％(7/3 063)、0.85％(18/2 124)、1.15％(21/1 834)、1.05％(23/2 181)、1.42％ (11/772)、1.37％(5/366),不同年齡組的甲狀腺疾病患病率差異有統計學意義(x2=21.81,P＜ 0.01);60～歲組最高,18～歲組最低.喪偶、離異、在婚及未婚甲狀腺疾病患病率分彆為1.39％ (4/288)、1.06％ (1/94)、0.97％(74/7 632)和0.26％ (6/2 326),不同婚姻狀況甲狀腺疾病患病率比較差異有統計學意義(x2=2 219.41,P＜0.01).退休人員甲狀腺疾病患病率最高,為1.69％(18/1 065);其次是傢務人群,為1.54％(20/1 295);軍人的患病率最低,為0(0/43);不同職業人群患病率差異有統計學意義(x2=27.58,P＜ 0.01).吸煙者和不吸煙者甲狀腺疾病患病率分彆為1.01％(77/7 626)和0.30％(8/2 714),吸煙者患病率高于不吸煙者,二者比較差異有統計學意義(x2=12.36,P＜ 0.01).基本不喫、偶爾喫、一般喫和經常喫水產品甲狀腺疾病患病率分彆為1.97％ (9/458)、0.60％(6/1 060)、0.75％(39/5 188)和0.84％(31/3 694),不同食用量甲狀腺疾病患病率比較差異有統計學意義(x2=8.63,P＜0.05);基本不喫、偶爾喫、一般和經常喫紫菜或海帶的甲狀腺疾病患病率分彆為3.20％(20/625)、0.81％(29/3 575)、0.62％(33/5 370)和0.39％(3/770),不同食用量甲狀腺疾病患病率比較差異有統計學意義(x2=47.70,P＜0.01).廈門市戶籍人口甲狀腺疾病平均病死率為0.49/10萬,其中甲狀腺噁性腫瘤、甲狀腺良性腫瘤、甲狀腺毒癥的平均病死率分彆為0.36/10萬、0.03/10萬、0.10/10萬.結論 應加彊廈門市甲狀腺疾病防控知識的健康教育,提倡健康生活方式,鼓勵居民進行甲狀腺疾病常規體檢,降低甲狀腺疾病患病率、病死率.
목적 료해하문시18세이상인군갑상선질병류행화병사정황급기영향인소,위하일보방치책략적제정제공의거.방법 2012년4월지2013년8월채용정군분층추양적방법,재하문시적사명、호리화해창구,각추취18세이상적상주거민3 300명이상,채용자행설계적문권입호개전조사,수집갑상선질병환병급상관인소자료;종하문시사인감측계통수집2012년1월1일지2013년12월31일하문시호적인구중인갑상선질병병사자상관신식;대조사화수집적자료진행통계학분석.결과 하문시3개구18세이상인군갑상선질병적환병솔위0.82％(85/10 340),기중갑상선공능항진、갑상선낭종、갑상선염、갑상선공능감퇴화갑상선결절적환병솔분별위0.36％(37/10 340)、0.13％(13/10340)、0.10％(10/10340)、0.07％(7/10 340)화0.07％(7/10 340).남성갑상선질병환병솔위0.35％(18/5 170),녀성환병솔위1.30％(67/5 170),남성환병솔저우녀성,성별비교차이유통계학의의(x2=28.48,P＜ 0.01).18～、30～、40～、50～、60～、70～세년령조갑상선질병환병솔분별위0.23％(7/3 063)、0.85％(18/2 124)、1.15％(21/1 834)、1.05％(23/2 181)、1.42％ (11/772)、1.37％(5/366),불동년령조적갑상선질병환병솔차이유통계학의의(x2=21.81,P＜ 0.01);60～세조최고,18～세조최저.상우、리이、재혼급미혼갑상선질병환병솔분별위1.39％ (4/288)、1.06％ (1/94)、0.97％(74/7 632)화0.26％ (6/2 326),불동혼인상황갑상선질병환병솔비교차이유통계학의의(x2=2 219.41,P＜0.01).퇴휴인원갑상선질병환병솔최고,위1.69％(18/1 065);기차시가무인군,위1.54％(20/1 295);군인적환병솔최저,위0(0/43);불동직업인군환병솔차이유통계학의의(x2=27.58,P＜ 0.01).흡연자화불흡연자갑상선질병환병솔분별위1.01％(77/7 626)화0.30％(8/2 714),흡연자환병솔고우불흡연자,이자비교차이유통계학의의(x2=12.36,P＜ 0.01).기본불흘、우이흘、일반흘화경상흘수산품갑상선질병환병솔분별위1.97％ (9/458)、0.60％(6/1 060)、0.75％(39/5 188)화0.84％(31/3 694),불동식용량갑상선질병환병솔비교차이유통계학의의(x2=8.63,P＜0.05);기본불흘、우이흘、일반화경상흘자채혹해대적갑상선질병환병솔분별위3.20％(20/625)、0.81％(29/3 575)、0.62％(33/5 370)화0.39％(3/770),불동식용량갑상선질병환병솔비교차이유통계학의의(x2=47.70,P＜0.01).하문시호적인구갑상선질병평균병사솔위0.49/10만,기중갑상선악성종류、갑상선량성종류、갑상선독증적평균병사솔분별위0.36/10만、0.03/10만、0.10/10만.결론 응가강하문시갑상선질병방공지식적건강교육,제창건강생활방식,고려거민진행갑상선질병상규체검,강저갑상선질병환병솔、병사솔.
Objective To explore the prevalence and mortality of thyroid disease and influence factors among the population over 18 years old in Xiamen City,and to provide evidence for establishment of prevention and control strategy.Methods More than 3 300 permanent residents over 18 years old in Siming,Huli,and Haicang districts of Xiamen City were selected by the cluster and stratified sampling methods from April 2012 to August 2013.Data about the prevalence and related factors of the thyroid disease was collected by self-reported questionnaire.Data related to mortality of thyroid disease among the household registration population of Xiamen City from January 1st,2012 to December 31,2013 was collected from the Xiamen City Municipal Death Surveillance System.Statistical analysis was performed.Results The prevalence of thyroid disease was 0.82％ (85/10 340) in 3 districts of Xiamen City.The prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism,thyroid cyst,thyroiditis,hypothyroidism and thyroid nodule were 0.36％ (37/10 340),0.13％ (13/10 340),0.10％ (10/10 340),0.07％ (7/10 340) and 0.07％ (7/ 10 340),respectively.Gender difference was observed with significance (x2 =28.48,P ＜ 0.01),to be more detailed,the prevalence of male population was 0.35％ (18/5 170),and the corresponding rate for the counterpart was 1.30％ (67/5 170).The prevalence for aged 18-,30-,40-,50-,60-and 70-were 0.23％ (7/3 063),0.85％ (18/2 124),1.15％ (21/1 834),1.05％ (23/2 181),1.42％ (11/772) and 1.37％ (5/366),respectively,and significance was obtained when comparing the prevalence between different ages (x2 =21.81,P ＜ 0.01).Among them,the aged 60-had the highest prevalence while 18-had the lowest.The rates in widowed,divorced,married and single were 1.39％ (4/288),1.06％ (1/94),0.97％ (74/7 632) and 0.26％ (6/2 326),respectively,and significance was obtained when comparing the prevalence between different marital status (x2 =2 219.41,P ＜ 0.01).In occupation we also observed significant difference (x2 =27.58,P ＜ 0.01).The retired had the highest prevalence with 1.69％ (18/1 065)of occurrence,and the unemployed had the second rate and the rate was 1.54％ (20/1 295),while the military personnel had the lowest rate (0,0/43).The rates for smokers and non-smokers were 1.01％ (77/7 626) and 0.30％ (8/2 714),respectively,the prevalence of smokers was higher than that of non-smokers,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =12.36,P ＜ 0.01).The prevalence rates of thyroid disease among those intaking aquatic products or kelp never,occasionally,generally and frequently were 1.97％ (9/458),0.60％ (6/1 000),0.75％ (39/5 188) and 0.84％ (31/3 694),respectively,which were different significantly (x2 =8.63,P ＜ 0.05);the prevalence rates of thyroid disease among those intaking seaweed or kelp never,occasionally,generally and frequently were 3.20％ (20/625),0.81％ (29/3 575),0.62％ (33/5 370) and 0.39％ (3/770),respectively,which were different significantly (x2 =47.70,P ＜ 0.01).It was 0.49 per one hundred thousand that the average mortality rate of thyroid disease among the household registration population of Xiamen City from January 1st,2012 to December 31,2013,among which the average mortality rates of thyroid malignant tumor,benign tumor of thyroid,and thyrotoxicosis were 0.36/100 000,0.03/100 000 and 0.10/100 000,respectively.Conclusion In order to reduce the prevalence and mortality rates of thyroid disease,the following strategies should be taken up such as strengthening health education against thyroid disease,and advocating healthy lifestyle,and encouraging consuming seaweed,kelp and other foods rich in iodine regularly,and promoting regular medical examination to reduce the impact of thyroid diseases in Xiamen.
