CAJ | 학술논문

为了解三门湾潮间带大型底栖动物长时间系列的群落结构变化特征，于2012年2月、5月、8月、11月对三门湾的6条断面开展了调查，并与上世纪80年代初期的结果对比。此次共鉴定出潮间带大型底栖动物125种，主要以软体动物（64种）和甲壳动物（26种）为主，各断面物种差异显著。岩礁断面平均丰度和生物量（479 ind·m-2、1056.45g·m-2）都明显高于泥质断面（233 ind·m-2、44.98g·m-2）。岩礁断面以鳞笠藤壶[Tetraclita squamosa]、青蚶[Barbatia virescens (Reeve)]、疣荔枝螺[Thais clavigera Kuster]为优势种；泥质断面的优势种主要为淡水泥蟹[Ilyoplax tansuiensis Sakai ]和绯拟沼螺[Assiminea latercea]、兰蛤[Aloidis laevis Hinds]、珠带拟蟹守螺[Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin)]。各断面Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和种类丰富度指数均较低。通过聚类分析发现，各断面不同季节可以划分为4个群落，其中群落Ⅰ为两岩礁断面，群落Ⅱ、群落Ⅲ、群落Ⅳ为泥质断面，相似度低于40%。从ABC曲线来看，蛇盘岛（P1）和田湾岛（P5）两断面受轻度干扰，而其他断面（P2、P3、P4和P6）受到中度干扰。与上世纪80年代初调查结果相比，丰度和生物量明显降低，非经济物种取代了经济物种占据了主要优势种，多样性也明显降低，断面之间的相似性也降低，群落结构稳定性偏差，其变化趋势与周边乐清湾一致。分析其主要原因与过度采捕、工业污染以及围填造地、围塘养殖所引起的生境破碎化等人为干扰的综合影响有关。
위료해삼문만조간대대형저서동물장시간계렬적군락결구변화특정，우2012년2월、5월、8월、11월대삼문만적6조단면개전료조사，병여상세기80년대초기적결과대비。차차공감정출조간대대형저서동물125충，주요이연체동물（64충）화갑각동물（26충）위주，각단면물충차이현저。암초단면평균봉도화생물량（479 ind·m-2、1056.45g·m-2）도명현고우니질단면（233 ind·m-2、44.98g·m-2）。암초단면이린립등호[Tetraclita squamosa]、청감[Barbatia virescens (Reeve)]、우려지라[Thais clavigera Kuster]위우세충；니질단면적우세충주요위담수니해[Ilyoplax tansuiensis Sakai ]화비의소라[Assiminea latercea]、란합[Aloidis laevis Hinds]、주대의해수라[Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin)]。각단면Shannon-Weiner다양성지수화충류봉부도지수균교저。통과취류분석발현，각단면불동계절가이화분위4개군락，기중군락Ⅰ위량암초단면，군락Ⅱ、군락Ⅲ、군락Ⅳ위니질단면，상사도저우40%。종ABC곡선래간，사반도（P1）화전만도（P5）량단면수경도간우，이기타단면（P2、P3、P4화P6）수도중도간우。여상세기80년대초조사결과상비，봉도화생물량명현강저，비경제물충취대료경제물충점거료주요우세충，다양성야명현강저，단면지간적상사성야강저，군락결구은정성편차，기변화추세여주변악청만일치。분석기주요원인여과도채포、공업오염이급위전조지、위당양식소인기적생경파쇄화등인위간우적종합영향유관。
With rapid economic development and overexploiting in coastal cities, Sanmen Bay is seriously threaten by human disturbance. In order to understand the change and distribution characteristics of intertidal macrozoobenthic community structure for long time in Sanmen Bay, Six different sections were investigated in February, May, August and November 2012. 125 species were identified, including 65 species of molluscs, 26 of carapace, 13 of polychetes, 8 of echinoderm, and 14 others. The number of species fluctuated across section and seasons. The average abundance and biomass in rocky sections (479 ind · m-2、1056.45g · m-2) are apparently higher than muddy section (233 ind · m-2、44.98g · m-2). Dominant species were Tetraclita squamosa,Barbatia virescens (Reeve),Thais clavigera Kuster in rocky sections, and Ilyoplax tansuiensis Sakai,Assiminea latercea,Aloidis laevis Hinds,Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin) in muddy sections. According to cluster analysis and Non-matric Multi Dimentional Scaling, there are four community with different sections and seasons. The first is rocky sections, and the other three are muddy section, which the similarity is low under 40% in Sanmen Bay. The data analyzed by MDS were consistent with the results of the hierarchical clustering analysis. Upon analysis of the marcozoobenthic community structure by ABC curve, only the Shepan island(P1) and Tianwan island (P5)have been affected by slight human-caused disturbance, and the others by moderate disturbance. Compared to previous research in 1980s, Abundance, biomass and biodiversity were significantly decreased, and the dominant species change from economic species to non-ecomomic species; the stability of community structure is bad, the same with near bay, Yueqing. The main reasons are the comprehensive impact on human disturbance such as excessive exploitation, industrial pollution and habitat fragmentation caused by pond farming and reclaiming the land from the sea.