CAJ | 학술논문

为加深对我国南方地区养殖鱼类中不同种类气单胞菌流行特征的认识，选取2009年至2014年间我国南方地区70口池塘患病的草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鳜鱼、斑点叉尾和乌鳢等15种鱼类体内分离的143株气单胞菌为研究对象，通过细菌生理生化特征分析以及保守基因gyr B和 rpo D的序列测序分析进行病原菌的鉴定，143株气单胞菌中有维氏气单胞菌80株，嗜水气单胞菌40株，简氏气单胞菌9株，舒氏气单胞菌10株和水生气单胞菌4株。调查分析结果表明，近年来我国南方地区养殖鱼类气单胞菌病的病原具有较高的种类多样性，其中维氏气单胞菌（80／143，56％）的出现比例最高，该菌主要感染草鱼、鲢鱼和鳜鱼等；嗜水气单胞菌次之（40／143，28％），其主要感染鳙鱼、团头鲂和斑点叉尾等；简氏气单胞菌（9／143，6％）亦常常在感染的草鱼、鳙鱼、广东鲂和锦鲤等鱼类中检出；目前，舒氏气单胞菌（10／143，7％）的感染宿主则较为单一，仅在患病乌鳢中分离得到该病原；水生气单胞菌（4／143，3％）目前仅在患病美国红鱼中发现。研究结果表明，我国南方地区鱼类气单胞菌败血症主要是由维氏气单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌感染引起，并且常出现这两种菌的复合感染。本研究将为我国南方地区养殖鱼类气单胞菌病的流行病学分析、疾病预防和治疗奠定理论基础。
위가심대아국남방지구양식어류중불동충류기단포균류행특정적인식，선취2009년지2014년간아국남방지구70구지당환병적초어、련어、용어、즉어、궐어、반점차미화오례등15충어류체내분리적143주기단포균위연구대상，통과세균생리생화특정분석이급보수기인gyr B화 rpo D적서렬측서분석진행병원균적감정，143주기단포균중유유씨기단포균80주，기수기단포균40주，간씨기단포균9주，서씨기단포균10주화수생기단포균4주。조사분석결과표명，근년래아국남방지구양식어류기단포균병적병원구유교고적충류다양성，기중유씨기단포균（80／143，56％）적출현비례최고，해균주요감염초어、련어화궐어등；기수기단포균차지（40／143，28％），기주요감염용어、단두방화반점차미등；간씨기단포균（9／143，6％）역상상재감염적초어、용어、엄동방화금리등어류중검출；목전，서씨기단포균（10／143，7％）적감염숙주칙교위단일，부재환병오례중분리득도해병원；수생기단포균（4／143，3％）목전부재환병미국홍어중발현。연구결과표명，아국남방지구어류기단포균패혈증주요시유유씨기단포균화기수기단포균감염인기，병차상출현저량충균적복합감염。본연구장위아국남방지구양식어류기단포균병적류행병학분석、질병예방화치료전정이론기출。
In this study ,143 bacterial strains were isolated from 15 species of diseased fishes including grasscarp(Ctenopharyngodonidellus),silvercarp(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix),bigheadcarp(Aris‐tichthys nobilis) ,crucian carp (Carassius auratus) ,mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) ,channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) ,snakehead (Channa argus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in 70 ponds in southern China ,and identified by physiological and biochemical analysis ,and phylogenetic analysis .Phy‐logenetic tree of the bacterial strains was constructed by sequencing of the gyr B and rpo D genes .The re‐sults showed that the 80 isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii ,40 isolates as A .hydrophila ,9 i‐solates as A . j andaei ,10 isolates as A .schubertii and 4 isolates as A .aquariorum ,indicating that A ero‐monas spp .as the pathogens of fish in southern China had diversity ,A .veronii (80/143 ,56% ) as primary species of Aeromonas infecting grass carp ,silver carp and mandarin fish .A .hydrophila (40/143 ,28% ) was found in bighead carp ,black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and channel catfish .In addition , the A . j andaei (9/143 ,6% ) had hosts of grass carp ,bighead carp ,black bream and koi carp (Cy p rinus carpi) ,but A .schubertii (10/143 ,7% ) had the host only the snakehead .To the best of our knowledge , the A .aquariorum was only found in diseased red drum in China .The findings indicated that A .veronii and A .hydrophila were the primary pathogens of motile aeromonad septicaemia in fish and the mixed in‐fections were often occurred due to the two species ,which will provide a rational framework for explora‐tion of epidemiological analysis ,prevention and treatment of the A eromonas spp .in fish diseases .