CAJ | 학술논문

特许是政府提供公共产品和服务的一种有效方式，也是民间资本进入公用事业领域的一种事前控制手段。然而，并不是所有的特许行为都可以达到事前预防的效果，只有合法有效的特许行为才能达到法律效果与社会效果的统一。公用事业特许行为的合法与违法虽然与特许行为的有效与无效密切相关，但并非等同，两者之间存在错综复杂的关系。有效的特许行为并不一定合法，违法的特许行为也并不一定无效。具体说，主要包括4种形态：合法有效的特许行为、违法无效的特许行为、违法有效的特许行为和合法无效的特许行为。每一种形态都有其具体的存在情形、适用限制和法律效果。
특허시정부제공공공산품화복무적일충유효방식，야시민간자본진입공용사업영역적일충사전공제수단。연이，병불시소유적특허행위도가이체도사전예방적효과，지유합법유효적특허행위재능체도법률효과여사회효과적통일。공용사업특허행위적합법여위법수연여특허행위적유효여무효밀절상관，단병비등동，량자지간존재착종복잡적관계。유효적특허행위병불일정합법，위법적특허행위야병불일정무효。구체설，주요포괄4충형태：합법유효적특허행위、위법무효적특허행위、위법유효적특허행위화합법무효적특허행위。매일충형태도유기구체적존재정형、괄용한제화법률효과。
Franchise is the effective way for government providing public products and services, and it is also an important means of prevention in the field of private capital into the utilities. However, not all the franchise behavior can achieve the result of prevention, only valid franchise behavior can achieve the unity of legal effect and social effect. Although the legal and the illegal of franchise behavior is closely related to the validity and invalidity, it is not equal. The validity franchise behavior may be not legal, also the legal franchise behavior may be not validity. There are four legitimacy forms that are legal and valid behavior, illegal and invalid behavior, illegal but valid behavior and legal but invalid behavior. Each form has its specific situations, applicable restrictions and legal effects.