植物保护
植物保護
식물보호
Plant Protection
2015年
6期
9-16
,共8页
生物最佳粒径%覆盖密度%雾滴杀伤半径%致死中密度%防治效果
生物最佳粒徑%覆蓋密度%霧滴殺傷半徑%緻死中密度%防治效果
생물최가립경%복개밀도%무적살상반경%치사중밀도%방치효과
biological optimum droplet size%deposition density%biocide area%LN50%field efficacy
农药的雾滴粒径大小、覆盖密度、药液配制浓度对杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂等的药效均有显著影响。根据农药雾滴粒径大小，可以将雾滴分为极细雾、细雾、中等雾、粗雾等。一定范围内，对于触杀作用的农药，采用细小雾滴喷雾对农作物病虫草害能取得更好的防治效果。雾滴粒径与农药药效之间存在生物最佳粒径的关系，农药喷雾技术理论研究认为，防治飞行的害虫适合使用10~50μm 的细小杀虫剂雾滴，防治作物叶面爬行类害虫幼虫则适合采用30~150μm 的杀虫剂雾滴，喷洒杀菌剂防治植物病害时适合采用30~150μm 的雾滴，而喷洒除草剂时，则适合采用100~300μm 的较粗大雾滴。在农药喷雾中，一定的雾滴覆盖密度就可以达到理想的防治效果，并不需要采用大容量淋洗式的喷雾方式，这是因为每个农药雾滴类似“炸弹”，都有其“杀伤范围”，称之为雾滴杀伤面积/杀伤半径(biocide area/ biocide radius)，且杀伤面积/杀伤半径与雾滴致死中密度(LN50)有关。本文论述了雾滴粒径大小、覆盖密度与杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂药效之间的关系，进而分析农药雾滴致死中密度以及雾滴杀伤面积/杀伤半径，以期为农业生产、精准化施药提供参考。
農藥的霧滴粒徑大小、覆蓋密度、藥液配製濃度對殺蟲劑、殺菌劑和除草劑等的藥效均有顯著影響。根據農藥霧滴粒徑大小，可以將霧滴分為極細霧、細霧、中等霧、粗霧等。一定範圍內，對于觸殺作用的農藥，採用細小霧滴噴霧對農作物病蟲草害能取得更好的防治效果。霧滴粒徑與農藥藥效之間存在生物最佳粒徑的關繫，農藥噴霧技術理論研究認為，防治飛行的害蟲適閤使用10~50μm 的細小殺蟲劑霧滴，防治作物葉麵爬行類害蟲幼蟲則適閤採用30~150μm 的殺蟲劑霧滴，噴灑殺菌劑防治植物病害時適閤採用30~150μm 的霧滴，而噴灑除草劑時，則適閤採用100~300μm 的較粗大霧滴。在農藥噴霧中，一定的霧滴覆蓋密度就可以達到理想的防治效果，併不需要採用大容量淋洗式的噴霧方式，這是因為每箇農藥霧滴類似“炸彈”，都有其“殺傷範圍”，稱之為霧滴殺傷麵積/殺傷半徑(biocide area/ biocide radius)，且殺傷麵積/殺傷半徑與霧滴緻死中密度(LN50)有關。本文論述瞭霧滴粒徑大小、覆蓋密度與殺蟲劑、殺菌劑和除草劑藥效之間的關繫，進而分析農藥霧滴緻死中密度以及霧滴殺傷麵積/殺傷半徑，以期為農業生產、精準化施藥提供參攷。
농약적무적립경대소、복개밀도、약액배제농도대살충제、살균제화제초제등적약효균유현저영향。근거농약무적립경대소，가이장무적분위겁세무、세무、중등무、조무등。일정범위내，대우촉살작용적농약，채용세소무적분무대농작물병충초해능취득경호적방치효과。무적립경여농약약효지간존재생물최가립경적관계，농약분무기술이론연구인위，방치비행적해충괄합사용10~50μm 적세소살충제무적，방치작물협면파행류해충유충칙괄합채용30~150μm 적살충제무적，분쇄살균제방치식물병해시괄합채용30~150μm 적무적，이분쇄제초제시，칙괄합채용100~300μm 적교조대무적。재농약분무중，일정적무적복개밀도취가이체도이상적방치효과，병불수요채용대용량림세식적분무방식，저시인위매개농약무적유사“작탄”，도유기“살상범위”，칭지위무적살상면적/살상반경(biocide area/ biocide radius)，차살상면적/살상반경여무적치사중밀도(LN50)유관。본문논술료무적립경대소、복개밀도여살충제、살균제화제초제약효지간적관계，진이분석농약무적치사중밀도이급무적살상면적/살상반경，이기위농업생산、정준화시약제공삼고。
The size,number and concentration of droplets have an important influence on the field efficacy of pes-ticides,including insecticides,fungicides and herbicides.Depending on the diameter of droplets,we can divide droplets into four classes,including very fine,fine,medium and coarse.In a certain range,field efficacy in-creased with the decrease of droplet size.Too small or too large droplets were not efficacious,and the most effi-cacious diameter of the droplets was called biological optimum droplet size.By the research of the pesticide appli-cation technology,the diameter of 10-50 μm of fine droplets had a good efficacy against flying insect pest.Foli-age-applied pesticides had a good effect on the size of 30 -1 50 μm for the larvae of pests.When spraying fungi-cides to control plant disease,the optimum droplet diameter was reported to be 30 - 1 50 μm,while the relative coarse droplets,with a diameter of 100-300 μm,were more suitable for controlling weeds.In the pesticide appli-cation,there was no need to use a large amount of solution,as a certain number of droplets could achieve a good efficacy.Every droplet was similar to a “bomb”,which had its “explosion range”,called the biocide area/biocide radius.In this study,three aspects,including insecticides,fungicides and herbicides,were reviewed with the bio-logical optimum droplet size and LN50 ,expecting to provide reference for agricultural production and accurate spraying.
