云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）
雲南師範大學學報（哲學社會科學版）
운남사범대학학보（철학사회과학판）
Journal of Yunan Normal University (Humanitles and Social Sclences)
2015年
6期
20-27
,共8页
英国%俄国%洪扎%清朝%宗藩关系
英國%俄國%洪扎%清朝%宗藩關繫
영국%아국%홍찰%청조%종번관계
Britain%Russia%Honza%Qing dynasty%tributary
19世纪后期,随着俄国对中亚的蚕食鲸吞和英国在印度西北部的扩张,英俄两国利益发生冲突,在中亚展开激烈争夺。为了缓和矛盾,双方于1873年达成协议,划分各自在中亚的势力范围,但并未被遵守。随后,双方纷纷将势力伸进帕米尔,频繁进行军事和考察活动,并进入洪扎,矛盾进一步激化。为防守英属印度西北门户,1891年底英国出兵入侵清王朝属邦洪扎。清政府为维护对洪扎宗主权,据理力争,派驻英公使薛福成与英国外务部3次交涉。洪扎成为中英两属之邦,虽在形式上保持对清朝宗藩关系,但实际为英国控制。本文利用中英文档案和文献,对这个过程加以简要梳理。
19世紀後期,隨著俄國對中亞的蠶食鯨吞和英國在印度西北部的擴張,英俄兩國利益髮生遲突,在中亞展開激烈爭奪。為瞭緩和矛盾,雙方于1873年達成協議,劃分各自在中亞的勢力範圍,但併未被遵守。隨後,雙方紛紛將勢力伸進帕米爾,頻繁進行軍事和攷察活動,併進入洪扎,矛盾進一步激化。為防守英屬印度西北門戶,1891年底英國齣兵入侵清王朝屬邦洪扎。清政府為維護對洪扎宗主權,據理力爭,派駐英公使薛福成與英國外務部3次交涉。洪扎成為中英兩屬之邦,雖在形式上保持對清朝宗藩關繫,但實際為英國控製。本文利用中英文檔案和文獻,對這箇過程加以簡要梳理。
19세기후기,수착아국대중아적잠식경탄화영국재인도서북부적확장,영아량국이익발생충돌,재중아전개격렬쟁탈。위료완화모순,쌍방우1873년체성협의,화분각자재중아적세력범위,단병미피준수。수후,쌍방분분장세력신진파미이,빈번진행군사화고찰활동,병진입홍찰,모순진일보격화。위방수영속인도서북문호,1891년저영국출병입침청왕조속방홍찰。청정부위유호대홍찰종주권,거리력쟁,파주영공사설복성여영국외무부3차교섭。홍찰성위중영량속지방,수재형식상보지대청조종번관계,단실제위영국공제。본문이용중영문당안화문헌,대저개과정가이간요소리。
In the later period of the 1 9 th century,Russia’s expansion in Central Asia and Britain’s expansion in the northwest of India led to their conflicts for interests there.In order to lessen the ten-sion,they signed an agreement in 1873 for safeguarding their own interests in Central Asia but they did not abide by it.Soon,they invaded the Pamirs with military or other purposes and then Honza. To safeguard the northwest of British India,the British government in 1891 sent military troops to Honza which was a tributary of the Qing dynasty.For safeguarding its sovereignty,the government of the Qing dynasty sent Xue Fucheng,then Chinese ambassador to Britain,to negotiate with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Great Britain for three times.As a result,Honza became a tributary of both China and Britain but it was actually under the control of Britain.This paper gives a summary review of the relevant archives and documents in Britain and in China,and expounds this special histo-ry.
