云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）
雲南師範大學學報（哲學社會科學版）
운남사범대학학보（철학사회과학판）
Journal of Yunan Normal University (Humanitles and Social Sclences)
2015年
6期
10-19
,共10页
大一统%华夷之辨%东北边疆%管理体制%变迁
大一統%華夷之辨%東北邊疆%管理體製%變遷
대일통%화이지변%동북변강%관리체제%변천
national unity%distinction between the Huaxia group and ethnic minority groups%north-east borderlands of China%administrative system%change
清朝统治者突破了以往历代王朝“华夷之辨”的思想局限，倡导并积极实践“大一统”思想。这一思想经历了几个发展阶段，即清入关前皇太极提出“满蒙汉一体”的新的民族观，是其开端；顺康时期基本形成，圣祖废长城而不用；雍乾时期趋于成熟与完善，世宗提出“中外一家”理念，高宗最终实现国家“大一统”；晚清时期又有新发展，筹划在边疆地区“设行省、改郡县”，实现边疆与内地管理体制的一体化，以抵御列强侵略。随着“大一统”思想的不断发展，清廷对东北边疆地区的行政管理体制也不断进行改革和创新，在清入关前至清初实行八旗制，清代前中期实行以八旗驻防制为主体、多种体制并存的管理体制，晚清时期则普遍设立州县，最终建立行省体制。东北地区行政管理体制的变迁是清朝践行不断发展的“大一统”思想的例证。
清朝統治者突破瞭以往歷代王朝“華夷之辨”的思想跼限，倡導併積極實踐“大一統”思想。這一思想經歷瞭幾箇髮展階段，即清入關前皇太極提齣“滿矇漢一體”的新的民族觀，是其開耑；順康時期基本形成，聖祖廢長城而不用；雍乾時期趨于成熟與完善，世宗提齣“中外一傢”理唸，高宗最終實現國傢“大一統”；晚清時期又有新髮展，籌劃在邊疆地區“設行省、改郡縣”，實現邊疆與內地管理體製的一體化，以牴禦列彊侵略。隨著“大一統”思想的不斷髮展，清廷對東北邊疆地區的行政管理體製也不斷進行改革和創新，在清入關前至清初實行八旂製，清代前中期實行以八旂駐防製為主體、多種體製併存的管理體製，晚清時期則普遍設立州縣，最終建立行省體製。東北地區行政管理體製的變遷是清朝踐行不斷髮展的“大一統”思想的例證。
청조통치자돌파료이왕역대왕조“화이지변”적사상국한，창도병적겁실천“대일통”사상。저일사상경력료궤개발전계단，즉청입관전황태겁제출“만몽한일체”적신적민족관，시기개단；순강시기기본형성，골조폐장성이불용；옹건시기추우성숙여완선，세종제출“중외일가”이념，고종최종실현국가“대일통”；만청시기우유신발전，주화재변강지구“설행성、개군현”，실현변강여내지관리체제적일체화，이저어렬강침략。수착“대일통”사상적불단발전，청정대동북변강지구적행정관리체제야불단진행개혁화창신，재청입관전지청초실행팔기제，청대전중기실행이팔기주방제위주체、다충체제병존적관리체제，만청시기칙보편설립주현，최종건립행성체제。동북지구행정관리체제적변천시청조천행불단발전적“대일통”사상적예증。
By advocating and implementing the concept of “national unity”,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty broke through the limitations of the previous dynasties that distinguished the Huaxia group from the ethnic minority groups.This concept had gone through several stages of development.Em-peror Huang Taiji put forward the new concept of “unity of the Manchu,the Mongolian and the Han”before the Qing dynasty went on the expedition through the Shanhai Pass.This concept became more mature in the period of Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi who stopped using the Great Wall as a fortification.In the period of Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong,this concept became even more mature after the former put forward the concept of “unity of the Manchu and other ethnic groups”and the latter realized the “national unity”of the Chinese nation.The development of this concept found expression in the late Qing dynasty when the Qing government set up provinces and counties in the borderlands for the integrated administration of the borderlands and the interior in or-der to resist aggression.This concept also led to the constant improvement and innovation of the ad-ministrative system for the northeast borderlands of China,that is,the implementation of the Eight-banner System in the early period of the Qing dynasty,the administrative system with the Eight-banner System as the backbone plus other systems in the middle period of the Qing dynasty,and the establishment of counties under prefectures and provinces in the later period of the Qing dynasty, which embodied the implementation of the concept of “national unity”.
