CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨输血相关不良反应发生特点及相关因素.方法选取输血患者9264例，分析其中出现输血不良反应患者的输血类型、临床特点、相关影响因素.结果本次研究的9264例输血患者中，出现输血反应49例，发生率为0.529%，其中无溶血反应.过敏反应发生例数为37例，占总输血患者的75.51%，发热反应12例.对血浆、红细胞悬液、血小板、冷沉淀这4种常见的血液成分的输血反应发生率之间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).其中血小板组输血反应发生率明显高于血浆、红细胞悬液、冷沉淀组，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).年龄<18岁的未成年组输血反应发生率明显高于年龄≥18岁的成年组，有输血史、过敏史组输血反应发生率明显高于无输血史、过敏史组，以上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).儿童血液病区组输血反应发生率明显高于血液科，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).使用白细胞滤器输注红细胞的患者中发热反应的发生率明显降低.结论对于输注血小板、有输血史或过敏史、未成年或血液病区的患者应更加警惕输血不良反应，可积极采用滤除白细胞过滤器，以减少不良反应的发生率.
목적：탐토수혈상관불량반응발생특점급상관인소.방법선취수혈환자9264례，분석기중출현수혈불량반응환자적수혈류형、림상특점、상관영향인소.결과본차연구적9264례수혈환자중，출현수혈반응49례，발생솔위0.529%，기중무용혈반응.과민반응발생례수위37례，점총수혈환자적75.51%，발열반응12례.대혈장、홍세포현액、혈소판、랭침정저4충상견적혈액성분적수혈반응발생솔지간차이균구유통계학의의(P<0.05).기중혈소판조수혈반응발생솔명현고우혈장、홍세포현액、랭침정조，차이구유통계학의의(P<0.05).년령<18세적미성년조수혈반응발생솔명현고우년령≥18세적성년조，유수혈사、과민사조수혈반응발생솔명현고우무수혈사、과민사조，이상차이균구유통계학의의(P<0.05).인동혈액병구조수혈반응발생솔명현고우혈액과，차이구유통계학의의(P<0.05).사용백세포려기수주홍세포적환자중발열반응적발생솔명현강저.결론대우수주혈소판、유수혈사혹과민사、미성년혹혈액병구적환자응경가경척수혈불량반응，가적겁채용려제백세포과려기，이감소불량반응적발생솔.
Objective To investigate the characteristics and related factors of adverse reactions associated with blood transfusion. Method A total of 9 264 patients accepted blood transfusion were selected. The types,clinical characteristics and related factors of the patients with adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Among of 9 264 patients,transfusion reactions occurred in 49 cases with the incidence rate of 0. 529%. There was no hemolytic reaction,allergic reaction occurred in 37 cases with the rate of 75. 51%,and fever symptom showed in 12 cases. There were significant differences in the incidences of blood transfusion reactions (P<0. 05) among plasma,red blood cell suspension,platelets and cold precipitation. The incidence rate of platelet group was significantly higher than that of the plasma,red blood cell suspension and cold precipitation groups (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of the minors was obvious higher than that of the adults ( P<0 . 05 ) , and the adverse reactions occurred much frequently in the patients with transfusion history or allergic history than in the group without history (P<0. 05). The reaction rate of children was significantly higher than that of the patients in hematology department (P<0. 05). The incidence of fever decreased obviously in the patients accepted red blood cell transfusion through leucocyte filter. Conclusion The patients accepted platelets transfusion,have blood transfusion or allergic history,under 18 years old,and patients in hematology department should be more alert to the occurrence of adverse reactions. To reduce the adverse reactions,leucocyte filter is an effective device.