气候与环境研究
氣候與環境研究
기후여배경연구
Climatic and Environmental Research
2015年
6期
654-662
,共9页
城市化%区域气候%变化趋势%华南地区
城市化%區域氣候%變化趨勢%華南地區
성시화%구역기후%변화추세%화남지구
Urbanization%Local climate%Change trend%South China
按照人口数将华南地区站点分为大城市站、一般城市站、郊区站,并利用华南地区1960~2011年的站点观测资料分别计算了3类站点年平均、季节平均的气温、高温日数、降水、相对湿度、风速、日照时数距平序列的变化,分析了城市化对华南地区区域气候的影响。结果表明:相较于背景场,大城市的平均气温有更明显的上升趋势;高温日数在3类站点中均有增加的趋势,在城市化的影响下,大城市的高温日数有明显的增加;平均气温日较差在整个华南地区均有下降趋势,特别是在大城市中。在3类站点中,降雨总量均有减少的趋势,且降雨更多的以中雨及以上的形式表现。该地区的相对湿度、风速、日照时数均呈现减少趋势,在城市化影响下,大城市的相对湿度、风速、日照时数均有明显的减少。华南地区处于我国最大的城市群之一——珠江三角洲地区,同时处于气候系统复杂的热带季风区,因此有必要研究城市化对该地区多个气象变量的可能影响。
按照人口數將華南地區站點分為大城市站、一般城市站、郊區站,併利用華南地區1960~2011年的站點觀測資料分彆計算瞭3類站點年平均、季節平均的氣溫、高溫日數、降水、相對濕度、風速、日照時數距平序列的變化,分析瞭城市化對華南地區區域氣候的影響。結果錶明:相較于揹景場,大城市的平均氣溫有更明顯的上升趨勢;高溫日數在3類站點中均有增加的趨勢,在城市化的影響下,大城市的高溫日數有明顯的增加;平均氣溫日較差在整箇華南地區均有下降趨勢,特彆是在大城市中。在3類站點中,降雨總量均有減少的趨勢,且降雨更多的以中雨及以上的形式錶現。該地區的相對濕度、風速、日照時數均呈現減少趨勢,在城市化影響下,大城市的相對濕度、風速、日照時數均有明顯的減少。華南地區處于我國最大的城市群之一——珠江三角洲地區,同時處于氣候繫統複雜的熱帶季風區,因此有必要研究城市化對該地區多箇氣象變量的可能影響。
안조인구수장화남지구참점분위대성시참、일반성시참、교구참,병이용화남지구1960~2011년적참점관측자료분별계산료3류참점년평균、계절평균적기온、고온일수、강수、상대습도、풍속、일조시수거평서렬적변화,분석료성시화대화남지구구역기후적영향。결과표명:상교우배경장,대성시적평균기온유경명현적상승추세;고온일수재3류참점중균유증가적추세,재성시화적영향하,대성시적고온일수유명현적증가;평균기온일교차재정개화남지구균유하강추세,특별시재대성시중。재3류참점중,강우총량균유감소적추세,차강우경다적이중우급이상적형식표현。해지구적상대습도、풍속、일조시수균정현감소추세,재성시화영향하,대성시적상대습도、풍속、일조시수균유명현적감소。화남지구처우아국최대적성시군지일——주강삼각주지구,동시처우기후계통복잡적열대계풍구,인차유필요연구성시화대해지구다개기상변량적가능영향。
According to the population data of South China, the meteorological stations in this region were divided into three categories: Big city stations, city stations, and suburban stations. Then, using the observational data collected at these stations during the period 1960–2011, we calculated the annual and seasonal average data, and obtained time series of anomaly data for temperature, high temperature days, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration. The results showed the average temperatures of the big cities to have increasing trends in comparison with the background field. Furthermore, the frequency of annual high temperature days became higher, while the range of average temperature revealed a downward trend, especially in big cities. Precipitation amounts throughout the whole area declined, particularly with respect to light rain. Relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration revealed a decreasing trend;moreover, under the influence of urbanization, the relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration of big cities decreased significantly. South China lies in the largest urban agglomeration of China, while also being situated in the tropical monsoon area, where a complex climate system exists. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of urbanization in this area from the perspective of multiple variables.