CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨支气管镜术对小儿上气道梗阻（UAO）的病因诊断价值。方法对2006年3月至2015年2月因上气道梗阻症状而行支气管镜检查的210例患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果210例 UAO 患儿中，经支气管镜检查明确病因205例，病因诊断率97.6%。其中先天性 UAO 114例，占54.3%，以喉软化、气管狭窄、会厌或舌根部囊肿最常见，分别占64.0%（73/114）、17.5%（20/114）、14.0%（16/114），2种以上畸形占17.5%（20/114）。后天性 UAO 96例，占45.7%，以炎症、肿瘤或肉芽增生、异物最常见，分别占54.2%（52/96）、18.7%（18/96）、16.7%（16/96）。呼吸道先天畸形主要见于婴儿及新生儿期，炎症在各个年龄段均常见，肿瘤或肉芽增生主要见于幼儿期，异物主要见于幼儿期及学龄前期。结论支气管镜术对 UAO 的病因能发挥很好的诊断作用。呼吸道先天畸形（喉软化、气管狭窄、囊肿）、炎症、肿瘤或肉芽增生、异物是儿童 UAO 的常见病因，不同年龄组病因组成不同。
목적：탐토지기관경술대소인상기도경조（UAO）적병인진단개치。방법대2006년3월지2015년2월인상기도경조증상이행지기관경검사적210례환인적림상자료진행회고성분석。결과210례 UAO 환인중，경지기관경검사명학병인205례，병인진단솔97.6%。기중선천성 UAO 114례，점54.3%，이후연화、기관협착、회염혹설근부낭종최상견，분별점64.0%（73/114）、17.5%（20/114）、14.0%（16/114），2충이상기형점17.5%（20/114）。후천성 UAO 96례，점45.7%，이염증、종류혹육아증생、이물최상견，분별점54.2%（52/96）、18.7%（18/96）、16.7%（16/96）。호흡도선천기형주요견우영인급신생인기，염증재각개년령단균상견，종류혹육아증생주요견우유인기，이물주요견우유인기급학령전기。결론지기관경술대 UAO 적병인능발휘흔호적진단작용。호흡도선천기형（후연화、기관협착、낭종）、염증、종류혹육아증생、이물시인동 UAO 적상견병인，불동년령조병인조성불동。
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in children with upper airway obstruction(UAO). Methods The bronchoscopy records and clinical data of 210 cases of UAO patients from Mar 2006 to Feb 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 210 cases,205 cases were identified by bronchoscopy,and the etiology diagnosis rate was 97. 7% . Among 114(54. 3% )con-genital UAO cases,the most common causes were laryngeal malacia,congenital tracheal stenosis,tongue or epiglottic cyst,accounting for 64. 0%(73 / 114),17. 5%(20 / 114),14. 0%(16 / 114),respectively,and ratio of two or more malformation was 17. 5%(20 / 114). A-mong 96(45. 7% )acquired UAO cases,inflammation,tumor or granulomatous hyperplasia,foreign body were the most common causes,ac-counting for 54. 2%(52 / 96),18. 7%(18 / 96),16. 7%(16 / 96),respectively. Respiratory congenital malformations were detected mainly in infants and neonatal period,tumor or granulomatous hyperplasia occurred chiefly in early childhood,and tracheal foreign bodies often ap-peared among preschool children. Meanwhile,inflammation might occur in all-age children. Conclusion Bronchoscopy may serve as a valu-able tool for etiological diagnosis of UAO. Respiratory congenital malformations(laryngeal malacia,congenital tracheal stenosis,cyst),in-flammation,tumor or granulomatous hyperplasia and tracheal foreign bodies are common causes in children with UAO,and the etiological composition in different age groups are varied.