广西植物
廣西植物
엄서식물
Guihaia
2015年
6期
848-852
,共5页
两栖蓼%ITS 序列%trn L-F 序列%春蓼组
兩棲蓼%ITS 序列%trn L-F 序列%春蓼組
량서료%ITS 서렬%trn L-F 서렬%춘료조
Polygonum amphibium%ITS sequences%trn L-F sequences%sect.Persicaria
两栖蓼是一种水陆两栖植物,植株在不同生态环境下外部形态差异较大,同时两栖蓼的系统位置存在争议,被归入春蓼组(sect．Persicaria )或提升为两栖蓼组(sect．Amphibium )。该文选取两栖蓼及春蓼组植物12种,以及刺蓼组、头状蓼组、神血宁组、拳参组、萹蓄组和外类群掌叶大黄共23种植物进行研究。植物总DNA 的提取采用改进的 CTAB 法,所测序列以及从 Genbank 数据库下载的序列,以掌叶大黄为外类群,采用最大简约法和贝叶斯法对核糖体 ITS 序列和叶绿体 trn L-F 序列进行了系统发育分析。ITS 序列对位排列的长度为735 bp,包括489个可变位点,272个位点是信息位点。简约法得到9个简约树,步长为1084,CI 指数为0．680,RI 指数为0．614。trn L-F 序列对位排列的长度为1121 bp,包括427个可变位点,239个位点是信息位点。简约法寻找到9个简约树,步长为551(CI＝0．911,RI＝0．910)。贝叶斯法和简约法得到的树基本一致。分子序列分析结果显示,trn L-F 序列树类似于 ITS 序列树。ITS 序列构建的发育树上,两栖蓼与刺蓼组植物、春蓼组其他植物形成3个并列的分支；在 trn L-F 序列树上,两栖蓼则与其他春蓼组植物形成两个并列的分支。由此可见,两栖蓼与春蓼组其他植物的亲缘关系较远,成一独立的分支。两个分子证据支持将两栖蓼提升为两栖蓼组的处理意见。此外,两栖蓼的花粉具散沟,与典型的春蓼组的具散孔花粉不一致。再加上两栖蓼水陆两栖的特性,因此支持把两栖蓼提升为两栖蓼组的观点。两栖蓼组的界定为多年生草本,水陆两栖,根状茎横生,生于水中茎漂浮,叶长圆形或椭圆形,生于陆地茎直立,叶披针形或长圆状披针形,托叶鞘为筒状、薄膜质,总状花序穗状,瘦果近圆形,花粉具散沟。
兩棲蓼是一種水陸兩棲植物,植株在不同生態環境下外部形態差異較大,同時兩棲蓼的繫統位置存在爭議,被歸入春蓼組(sect．Persicaria )或提升為兩棲蓼組(sect．Amphibium )。該文選取兩棲蓼及春蓼組植物12種,以及刺蓼組、頭狀蓼組、神血寧組、拳參組、萹蓄組和外類群掌葉大黃共23種植物進行研究。植物總DNA 的提取採用改進的 CTAB 法,所測序列以及從 Genbank 數據庫下載的序列,以掌葉大黃為外類群,採用最大簡約法和貝葉斯法對覈糖體 ITS 序列和葉綠體 trn L-F 序列進行瞭繫統髮育分析。ITS 序列對位排列的長度為735 bp,包括489箇可變位點,272箇位點是信息位點。簡約法得到9箇簡約樹,步長為1084,CI 指數為0．680,RI 指數為0．614。trn L-F 序列對位排列的長度為1121 bp,包括427箇可變位點,239箇位點是信息位點。簡約法尋找到9箇簡約樹,步長為551(CI＝0．911,RI＝0．910)。貝葉斯法和簡約法得到的樹基本一緻。分子序列分析結果顯示,trn L-F 序列樹類似于 ITS 序列樹。ITS 序列構建的髮育樹上,兩棲蓼與刺蓼組植物、春蓼組其他植物形成3箇併列的分支；在 trn L-F 序列樹上,兩棲蓼則與其他春蓼組植物形成兩箇併列的分支。由此可見,兩棲蓼與春蓼組其他植物的親緣關繫較遠,成一獨立的分支。兩箇分子證據支持將兩棲蓼提升為兩棲蓼組的處理意見。此外,兩棲蓼的花粉具散溝,與典型的春蓼組的具散孔花粉不一緻。再加上兩棲蓼水陸兩棲的特性,因此支持把兩棲蓼提升為兩棲蓼組的觀點。兩棲蓼組的界定為多年生草本,水陸兩棲,根狀莖橫生,生于水中莖漂浮,葉長圓形或橢圓形,生于陸地莖直立,葉披針形或長圓狀披針形,託葉鞘為筒狀、薄膜質,總狀花序穗狀,瘦果近圓形,花粉具散溝。
량서료시일충수륙량서식물,식주재불동생태배경하외부형태차이교대,동시량서료적계통위치존재쟁의,피귀입춘료조(sect．Persicaria )혹제승위량서료조(sect．Amphibium )。해문선취량서료급춘료조식물12충,이급자료조、두상료조、신혈저조、권삼조、편축조화외류군장협대황공23충식물진행연구。식물총DNA 적제취채용개진적 CTAB 법,소측서렬이급종 Genbank 수거고하재적서렬,이장협대황위외류군,채용최대간약법화패협사법대핵당체 ITS 서렬화협록체 trn L-F 서렬진행료계통발육분석。ITS 서렬대위배렬적장도위735 bp,포괄489개가변위점,272개위점시신식위점。간약법득도9개간약수,보장위1084,CI 지수위0．680,RI 지수위0．614。trn L-F 서렬대위배렬적장도위1121 bp,포괄427개가변위점,239개위점시신식위점。간약법심조도9개간약수,보장위551(CI＝0．911,RI＝0．910)。패협사법화간약법득도적수기본일치。분자서렬분석결과현시,trn L-F 서렬수유사우 ITS 서렬수。ITS 서렬구건적발육수상,량서료여자료조식물、춘료조기타식물형성3개병렬적분지；재 trn L-F 서렬수상,량서료칙여기타춘료조식물형성량개병렬적분지。유차가견,량서료여춘료조기타식물적친연관계교원,성일독립적분지。량개분자증거지지장량서료제승위량서료조적처리의견。차외,량서료적화분구산구,여전형적춘료조적구산공화분불일치。재가상량서료수륙량서적특성,인차지지파량서료제승위량서료조적관점。량서료조적계정위다년생초본,수륙량서,근상경횡생,생우수중경표부,협장원형혹타원형,생우륙지경직립,협피침형혹장원상피침형,탁협초위통상、박막질,총상화서수상,수과근원형,화분구산구。
Polygonum amphibium is an amphibious plant which external morphology is distinct under different eco-logical environment.Terrestrial plants can be converted to aquatic plants,aquatic plants could also be converted to terrestrial plants under appropriate ecological condition.Meanwhile,the systematic position of P .amphibium is in dispute,and the species had been placed within sect.Persicaria or treated as sect.Amphibium .The ribosomal ITS sequences and chloroplast trn L-F sequences are very widely used in plants of phylogenetic investigations,including for the genus Polygonum ,and which has provided many new phylogenetic evidences for Polygonum .In this paper,a total of 23 kinds of plants including 12 representatives of sect.Persicaria (P .amphibium ),10 representatives of other sections of Polygoum (sect.Echinocaulon ,sect.Bistorta ,sect.Cephalophilon ,sect.Aconogonon ,sect.Avicularia )and one outgroup Rheum palmatum were included in the survey.The total DNA was isolated by im-proved CTAB methods.The ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2)was amplified with primers ITS1 and ITS4 described by White et al .(1990).The plastid trn L-F sequences was achieved using primers c and f described by Taberlet et al . (1991).All PCR products were purified using a QIA quick gel extraction kit and then sequenced directly on an ABI3770 automated sequencer.The sequenced sequences and the sequence download from Genbank were analysized. The ITS and trn L-F sequences were aligned separately using the program CLUSTALX 1.83.Rheum palmatum was designed as outgroup.Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses were made on sequences of nuclear ITS and plastid trn L-F data sets using the program MrBayes 3.0b4 and PAUP?4.0b respectively.The sequenced nuclear ITS en-compassed 735 bp aligned nucleotide positions,of which 489 sites were variable and 272 sites were parsimony in-formative.The heuristic search yielded 9 trees that were 1 084 steps long (CI=0.680,RI=0.614).The plastid trn L-F region comprised 1 121 bp nucleotide positions.A total of 427 positions were variable,and 239 sites were potential-ly parsimony informative.Parsimony-based analysis yielded 9 equally parsimonious trees of 551 steps with CI of 0.911 and RI of 0.910.The trees constructed by Bayesian and MP analyses were basically congruent.Molecular ana-lyses displayed that the ITS tree was similar to the trn L-F tree.In the ITS tree,Polygonum amphibium and other plants of sect.Persicaria plus sect.Echinocaulon formed three parallel clades;In the trn L-F tree,P .amphibium was sister to the remainder of sect.Persicaria with high bootstrap value.Molecular results could be achieved as fol-lows:P .amphibium had a distant relationship to other plants of sect.Persicaria .In addition,the pollen morphology of P .amphibium was scattered ditch,the pollen morphology of the remaining species of sect.Persicaria were scat-tered hole.Combined with amphibious characteristics of P .amphibium ,we were in agreement with Zhang’s view that it was necessary to accord P .amphibium as section rank.sect.Amphibium was defined as herbs perennial,am-phibious,rhizomes horizontal,aquatic plants:stems floating,leave blade oblong or elliptic,terrestrial plants:stems erect,leaf blade lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,ocrea tubular,thinly membranous,inflorescence spicate,achene suborbicular,pollen with scattered ditch.
