作物学报
作物學報
작물학보
Acta Agronomica Sinica
2016年
1期
19-30
,共12页
王海岗%贾冠清%智慧%温琪汾%董俊丽%陈凌%王君杰%曹晓宁%刘思辰%王纶%乔治军%刁现民
王海崗%賈冠清%智慧%溫琪汾%董俊麗%陳凌%王君傑%曹曉寧%劉思辰%王綸%喬治軍%刁現民
왕해강%가관청%지혜%온기분%동준려%진릉%왕군걸%조효저%류사신%왕륜%교치군%조현민
谷子%核心种质%表型性状%综合评价
穀子%覈心種質%錶型性狀%綜閤評價
곡자%핵심충질%표형성상%종합평개
Foxtail millet%Core collections%Phenotypic traits%Comprehensive evaluations
通过遗传种质的多样性评估，可以指导深入研究资源和育种中优异互补亲本的选择，进而提高优异基因的交流累加和新品种培育的效率。本研究选用了来自世界各地的878份谷子核心种质通过15个表型性状的综合鉴定，评估遗传多样性和筛选优异种质资源，结果表明：(1)我国谷子资源的表型遗传多样性丰富，单穗粒重、穗长、穗粗、株高、茎节数和生育期均表现了丰富的变异；谷子育成品种遗传多样性相比农家品种下降明显，育种的遗传增益主要体现在株高和穗长的适度减低，以及茎粗、茎节数、穗粗、单穗粒重、单穗重及生育期的适度增加；(2)系统聚类分析将谷子资源分成3类，第I类以来源为东北欧国家的品种为主，第II类以北美和非洲的品种为主，第III类以东亚、南亚的品种为主；我国种质可划分为春播型、春夏兼播型和南方型3类型；(3)采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法综合评判表明，叶鞘色、刚毛长度、粒色、米色、株高、穗长、茎粗和单穗粒重8个性状可作为谷子表型鉴定的主要指标。
通過遺傳種質的多樣性評估，可以指導深入研究資源和育種中優異互補親本的選擇，進而提高優異基因的交流纍加和新品種培育的效率。本研究選用瞭來自世界各地的878份穀子覈心種質通過15箇錶型性狀的綜閤鑒定，評估遺傳多樣性和篩選優異種質資源，結果錶明：(1)我國穀子資源的錶型遺傳多樣性豐富，單穗粒重、穗長、穗粗、株高、莖節數和生育期均錶現瞭豐富的變異；穀子育成品種遺傳多樣性相比農傢品種下降明顯，育種的遺傳增益主要體現在株高和穗長的適度減低，以及莖粗、莖節數、穗粗、單穗粒重、單穗重及生育期的適度增加；(2)繫統聚類分析將穀子資源分成3類，第I類以來源為東北歐國傢的品種為主，第II類以北美和非洲的品種為主，第III類以東亞、南亞的品種為主；我國種質可劃分為春播型、春夏兼播型和南方型3類型；(3)採用主成分分析法和逐步迴歸分析法綜閤評判錶明，葉鞘色、剛毛長度、粒色、米色、株高、穗長、莖粗和單穗粒重8箇性狀可作為穀子錶型鑒定的主要指標。
통과유전충질적다양성평고，가이지도심입연구자원화육충중우이호보친본적선택，진이제고우이기인적교류루가화신품충배육적효솔。본연구선용료래자세계각지적878빈곡자핵심충질통과15개표형성상적종합감정，평고유전다양성화사선우이충질자원，결과표명：(1)아국곡자자원적표형유전다양성봉부，단수립중、수장、수조、주고、경절수화생육기균표현료봉부적변이；곡자육성품충유전다양성상비농가품충하강명현，육충적유전증익주요체현재주고화수장적괄도감저，이급경조、경절수、수조、단수립중、단수중급생육기적괄도증가；(2)계통취류분석장곡자자원분성3류，제I류이래원위동북구국가적품충위주，제II류이북미화비주적품충위주，제III류이동아、남아적품충위주；아국충질가화분위춘파형、춘하겸파형화남방형3류형；(3)채용주성분분석법화축보회귀분석법종합평판표명，협초색、강모장도、립색、미색、주고、수장、경조화단수립중8개성상가작위곡자표형감정적주요지표。
Evaluation of genetic diversity could benefit the identification of optimal parental combinations for obtaining segregat-ing offspring with maximum genetic variability, and facilitate the introgression of favorable genes from various germplasm into commercial cultivars. In this study, foxtail millet core collections including 878 world-wide accessions were evaluated through phenotypic analysis of 15 agronomic traits. Main conclusions are as follows:(1) Chinese accessions present higher level of phe-notypic diversity, especially in grain weight per main stem, panicle length, panicle diameter, plant height, stem node number and growth period;phenotypic diversity is lower in elite cultivars than in traditional landraces;gains of breeding progress in foxtail millet are expressed in reduced plant height and panicle length, coupling with increased diameter of main stem, stem node number, panicle diameter, grain weight per main stem, panicle weight per main stem and growth period;(2) from the cluster analysis, for-eign resources are divided into three categories according to the geographical origins, the first category mainly includes accessions from northeast European countries, the second cluster is mainly collected from North America and Africa, and the third group includes varieties mainly from East Asia, South Asia, African, and European countries;Chinese collections is able to be divided into three groups of spring-sowing, summer-sowing and southern ecotypes; (3) comprehensive assessment of phenotypic traits based on principal component analysis (PCA) and step regression analysis demonstrates that leaf sheath color, bristle length, hull color, grain color, plant height, spike length, stem diameter and grain weight per plant can be used as main identification indica-tors of foxtail millet phenotypic variations. This research will benefit the utilization of foxtail millet resources in variety breeding practices in the future.
