CAJ | 학술논문

分析遗存的明代清水江文书发现，苗、侗民族聚居的清水江流域明代地土占有形态由原来主要的土司占有领地转化成苗田、屯田和民田三种类型构成，分别对应着国家、土司和自耕农占有，是国家在少数民族内地边疆地区推行屯田所促成的一种特别的土地分配制度。同时，屯田不断地瓦解着原有土司占有形态，土地买卖又消解着屯田制度与土司领地，形成屯田、土司领地的民田化趋势。伴随民田化趋势促成了该流域内的地权变化，转变而来的世俗地主与自耕农阶层最后成为向国家承担赋役的编户。屯民来源、缴纳赋税方式也是苗侗社会经济生活主要内容。
분석유존적명대청수강문서발현，묘、동민족취거적청수강류역명대지토점유형태유원래주요적토사점유령지전화성묘전、둔전화민전삼충류형구성，분별대응착국가、토사화자경농점유，시국가재소수민족내지변강지구추행둔전소촉성적일충특별적토지분배제도。동시，둔전불단지와해착원유토사점유형태，토지매매우소해착둔전제도여토사령지，형성둔전、토사령지적민전화추세。반수민전화추세촉성료해류역내적지권변화，전변이래적세속지주여자경농계층최후성위향국가승담부역적편호。둔민래원、격납부세방식야시묘동사회경제생활주요내용。
It has been discovered from the inherited Qingshuijiang Instruments from the Ming Dynasty that the land ownership in the Qingshuijiang Basin inhabited by the Miao and Dong had been transformed from the customary way of mainly being owned by chieftain manor into three different forms: Miao-field, reclaimed-field and folk-field,which were owned respectively by chieftains, feudal state and land-holding peasants. This special land allocation system was brought about by the land reclamation system that feudal government carried out in in-land minority regions. The land reclamation system disintegrated original chieftain manor, while the land dealing counteracted land-reclaimed system and chieftain manor, which converted reclaimed land and chieftain manor in-to folk-fields. With the change of land ownership, secular landlords and owner-peasants came into existence, who became feudal state’ s property owners written into household registration and took on taxes. The origin of the land-reclaimed people and the way paying taxes had become the main social and economic contents of the Mi-ao and Dong people.