CAJ | 학술논문

选用结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19和济徐23,于2013年和2014年分别在大田和盆栽条件下调查生长前期根系生长发育情况,测定根叶糖组分,分析其变化规律及其与单株有效薯块数形成的关系。结果表明,与济徐23相比较,商薯19发根缓苗迅速,整个生长前期均较为侧重吸收根系建成,且秧苗栽后15 d和30 d地上部和整个根系生物量比值(T/TR)相似；而济徐23较早完成不定根的发生(秧苗栽后15 d)和不定根向块根的分化建成(秧苗栽后30 d),封垄期(秧苗栽后45 d)具有较小的地上部和块根生物量比值(T/SR)。2个品种在生长前期根叶中蔗糖、己糖代谢和贮藏糖类多聚物的形成具有显著差异,其中商薯19整个生长前期比济徐23的根系蔗糖/己糖比率显著低,在块根分化建成过程中根叶间具有较高的蔗糖浓度梯度,且根系中存在2种低果聚糖(蔗果三糖和蔗果四糖),秧苗栽后30、45 d叶片淀粉含量显著低；而济徐23在块根分化建成过程中根系仅有蔗果四糖,且与商薯19比,封垄期根系蔗糖/可溶性总糖比率相似而根系蔗糖/淀粉比率显著低。2013年和2014年的大田试验均表明,封垄期商薯19具有显著多的单株有效薯块数和显著高的单株有效薯块鲜重(F=10.71, P=0.0170；F=13.97, P=0.0212),而收获时商薯19具有显著多的单株有效薯块数和显著高的块根产量(F=353.89, P<0.0001； F=88.94, P<0.0001),济徐23具有显著高的平均单薯鲜重(F=10.32, P=0.0124)。
선용결서수차이현저적감서품충상서19화제서23,우2013년화2014년분별재대전화분재조건하조사생장전기근계생장발육정황,측정근협당조분,분석기변화규률급기여단주유효서괴수형성적관계。결과표명,여제서23상비교,상서19발근완묘신속,정개생장전기균교위측중흡수근계건성,차앙묘재후15 d화30 d지상부화정개근계생물량비치(T/TR)상사；이제서23교조완성불정근적발생(앙묘재후15 d)화불정근향괴근적분화건성(앙묘재후30 d),봉롱기(앙묘재후45 d)구유교소적지상부화괴근생물량비치(T/SR)。2개품충재생장전기근협중자당、기당대사화저장당류다취물적형성구유현저차이,기중상서19정개생장전기비제서23적근계자당/기당비솔현저저,재괴근분화건성과정중근협간구유교고적자당농도제도,차근계중존재2충저과취당(자과삼당화자과사당),앙묘재후30、45 d협편정분함량현저저；이제서23재괴근분화건성과정중근계부유자과사당,차여상서19비,봉롱기근계자당/가용성총당비솔상사이근계자당/정분비솔현저저。2013년화2014년적대전시험균표명,봉롱기상서19구유현저다적단주유효서괴수화현저고적단주유효서괴선중(F=10.71, P=0.0170；F=13.97, P=0.0212),이수획시상서19구유현저다적단주유효서괴수화현저고적괴근산량(F=353.89, P<0.0001； F=88.94, P<0.0001),제서23구유현저고적평균단서선중(F=10.32, P=0.0124)。
Starch sweet potato varieties Shangshu 19 and Jixu 23 differing in valid storage root number per plant significantly were used to investigate root characteristics, sugar components in root and leaf at early growth phase and their relationship with the formation of storage root per plant at top cover stage. The results showed that, Shangshu 19 with higher valid storage root number regrew quickly with more new roots after seedling transplanting, developed fiberous roots mainly in the whole early growth phase, and formed a stable rate of top biomass/total root system biomass (T/TR) at 15 and 30 days after planting. Jixu 23 achieved the steady number of adventitious root and valid storage root at 15 and 30 days after planting, respectively. Meanwhile, Jixu 23 showed the lower rate of top biomass/storage root biomass (T/SR) at top cover stage (45 days after planting). On the other hand, in point of metabolism of sucrose and hexoses, and the formation of stored polysaccharide polymers, Shangshu 19 had sig-nificantly lower rate of sucrose/hexoses in the whole early growth phase, formed the greater sucrose concentration gradient be-tween leaves and roots, and had 1-kestose and nystose in roots at 15 and 30 days after planting. Its starch content in leaf was sig-nificantly lower than that of Jixu 23 at 30 and 45 days after planting. Meanwhile, Jixu 23 only had Nystose in roots before storage root formation, with significantly lowest rate of sucrose/starch when the rate of sucrose/total soluble sugar was similar to that of Shangshu 19 at 45 days after planting. A two-year field trials (2013–2014) were performed to investigate yield-contributing traits and the fresh storage root yield at top cover stage and harvest period, in which, Shangshu19 showed the more valid storage roots per plant, higher valid storage root fresh weight per plant or storage root at top cover stage and harvest period, meanwhile, Jixu23 had significantly higher average fresh weight per storage root.