CAJ | 학술논문

为确定河北省中部地区小麦品种适播期,筛选耐迟播品种,2011年秋至2014年夏在河北藁城采用播期×品种二因子裂区试验,研究了不同播期对当地12个主栽小麦品种产量的影响以及不同品种对冬前积温的响应。结果表明,播期对小麦产量有显著影响；不同品种对播期响应差异明显,分为迟钝型、中间型和迟播敏感型。迟钝型品种对播期不敏感,适播期长,冬前≥0℃积温范围为324~560℃,迟播后穗数和产量稳定；中间型品种适播期较长,积温范围为362~566℃,迟播后粒数增加,穗数和产量降低；迟播敏感型品种对播期敏感,适播期较短,积温大于511℃,不宜晚播,晚播后穗数和产量明显下降。在试验地区,推荐小麦适播期为迟钝型品种10月7日至22日、中间型品种10月7日至19日、敏感型品种10月5日至10日。
위학정하북성중부지구소맥품충괄파기,사선내지파품충,2011년추지2014년하재하북고성채용파기×품충이인자렬구시험,연구료불동파기대당지12개주재소맥품충산량적영향이급불동품충대동전적온적향응。결과표명,파기대소맥산량유현저영향；불동품충대파기향응차이명현,분위지둔형、중간형화지파민감형。지둔형품충대파기불민감,괄파기장,동전≥0℃적온범위위324~560℃,지파후수수화산량은정；중간형품충괄파기교장,적온범위위362~566℃,지파후립수증가,수수화산량강저；지파민감형품충대파기민감,괄파기교단,적온대우511℃,불의만파,만파후수수화산량명현하강。재시험지구,추천소맥괄파기위지둔형품충10월7일지22일、중간형품충10월7일지19일、민감형품충10월5일지10일。
The purposes of this study were to recommend optimal sowing dates of commercial wheat cultivars in middle part of Hebei province, China and screen out wheat cultivars acclimatized to late sowing. A field experiment was carried out with split plot design (main plot of sowing date and subplot of cultivar) in Gaocheng of Hebei province from Autumn 2011 to Summer 2014 to evaluate the effect of sowing date on 12 major cultivars and the response of cultivars to accumulated temperature before winter. The results showed that sowing date had significant influence on grain yield, and the 12 cultivars had different responses to sow-ing date. According to yield changing rate subject to late sowing, the 12 cultivars were classified into insensitive, intermediate, and sensitive types. Insensitive cultivars showed stable spike number and yield under late sowing condition, indicating a wide range of preferred sowing date. The desired accumulated temperature before winter was 324–560℃. Intermediate cultivars also had a long period of sowing date with 362–566℃before winter. Late sowing resulted in the increase of grain number but the de-creases of spike number and yield in intermediate cultivars. Sensitive type had a narrow range of sowing date and was not suitable for late sowing, because at least 511℃before winter was required. Late sowing resulted in obvious declines of spike number and yield in sensitive cultivars. In the middle part of Hebei province, we recommend that the optimal sowing time in wheat production is Oct. 7–22 for insensitive cultivars, Oct. 7–19 for intermediate cultivars, and Oct. 5–10 for insensitive cultivars.