CAJ | 학술논문

提高氮肥利用效率是当前小麦生产中重要的研究方向之一。本研究以光明麦1号为试验品种,利用两年的田间试验结果,采用二次正交旋转组合设计建立回归模型,分析稻茬小麦的氮肥当季表观利用率(utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, NUR)受播期、密度、施氮量组合的调控效应。结果表明,对小麦NUR效应表现为氮肥>播期>密度。在试验条件下,实现高产和高NUR目标,三因素有多种组合模式,其中播期10月28日至11月2日+密度160~180万株 hm–2+施氮量200 kg hm–2的组合,其产量为6800~7200 kg hm–2, NUR大于42.0%(最大值为44.8%),可靠度达到95%；播期10月21日至27日+密度120~150万株 hm–2+施氮量190~225 kg hm–2组合,其产量为6200~7000 kg hm–2, NUR达41.0%以上；播期11月3日至11日+密度210~240万株 hm–2+施氮量190~210 kg hm–2组合,其产量为5900~7250 kg hm–2, NUR达39.0%以上。
제고담비이용효솔시당전소맥생산중중요적연구방향지일。본연구이광명맥1호위시험품충,이용량년적전간시험결과,채용이차정교선전조합설계건립회귀모형,분석도치소맥적담비당계표관이용솔(utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, NUR)수파기、밀도、시담량조합적조공효응。결과표명,대소맥NUR효응표현위담비>파기>밀도。재시험조건하,실현고산화고NUR목표,삼인소유다충조합모식,기중파기10월28일지11월2일+밀도160~180만주 hm–2+시담량200 kg hm–2적조합,기산량위6800~7200 kg hm–2, NUR대우42.0%(최대치위44.8%),가고도체도95%；파기10월21일지27일+밀도120~150만주 hm–2+시담량190~225 kg hm–2조합,기산량위6200~7000 kg hm–2, NUR체41.0%이상；파기11월3일지11일+밀도210~240만주 hm–2+시담량190~210 kg hm–2조합,기산량위5900~7250 kg hm–2, NUR체39.0%이상。
Improvement of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (NUR) is one of research focuses in wheat. In a two-year field experiment, the NUR of wheat variety Guangmingmai 1 in the wheat–rice rotation system in response to sowing date (S), density (D), and nitrogen application rate (N) was studied using a mathematical model based on quadratic regression rotation-orthogonal combination design. Among the three factors, nitrogen application rate had the greatest effects on NUR, followed by sowing date and density. Several S+D+N combinations resulted in high yield and high NUR under the experimental conditions. The highest yield level (6800–7200 kg ha–1) was obtained in the combination of S between October 28 and November 2, D between 1.6 and 1.8 million plants per hectare, and N at 200 kg ha–1. Simultaneously, the NUR was higher than 42.0%(the maximum was 44.8%) with a credibility larger than 95%. At the yield level of 6200–7000 kg ha–1 and NUR higher than 41.0%, the optimal S, D and N were 21–27 October, 1.2–1.5 million plants per hectare and 190–225 kg ha–1, respectively. At the yield level of 5900–7250 kg ha–1 and NUR higher than 39.0%, the agronomic practices were recommended to be S between November 3 and November 11, D be-tween 2.1 and 2.4 million plants per hectare, and N between 190 and 210 kg ha–1.