CAJ | 학술논문

为探究行距配置方式对冠层微气象因子及群体抗逆性的影响,明确夏玉米适宜的行距配置方式,在方城和辉县设置大田试验,以3个不同株高类型的玉米杂交种为材料(中秆品种郑单958、高秆品种先玉335和矮秆品种512-4),设置2个种植密度(60000株 hm–2和75000株 hm–2),研究了5种行距配置方式(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm、80 cm等行距和80 cm+40 cm宽窄行)下冠层结构和群体抗逆性的变化。结果表明,不同株高类型杂交种在相同密度下,随行距扩大,株型变得松散,穗部叶片叶向值减小,并偏离种植行,向种植行垂直方向发展,冠层温湿度降低,群体抗逆性增强,但冠层光照截获率降低,产量也随之减少。对比发现,不同品种和密度下,60 cm等行距能够较好地协调冠层微气象因子与玉米产量的关系,叶片分布适宜,冠层温湿度和光能分布合理,显著提高了中下部的光能截获率,病虫害和倒伏的发生率较低,获得最高产量的频率最高,且适宜机械化田间作业,建议作为适宜黄淮海地区推广的种植方式。
위탐구행거배치방식대관층미기상인자급군체항역성적영향,명학하옥미괄의적행거배치방식,재방성화휘현설치대전시험,이3개불동주고류형적옥미잡교충위재료(중간품충정단958、고간품충선옥335화왜간품충512-4),설치2개충식밀도(60000주 hm–2화75000주 hm–2),연구료5충행거배치방식(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm、80 cm등행거화80 cm+40 cm관착행)하관층결구화군체항역성적변화。결과표명,불동주고류형잡교충재상동밀도하,수행거확대,주형변득송산,수부협편협향치감소,병편리충식행,향충식행수직방향발전,관층온습도강저,군체항역성증강,단관층광조절획솔강저,산량야수지감소。대비발현,불동품충화밀도하,60 cm등행거능구교호지협조관층미기상인자여옥미산량적관계,협편분포괄의,관층온습도화광능분포합리,현저제고료중하부적광능절획솔,병충해화도복적발생솔교저,획득최고산량적빈솔최고,차괄의궤계화전간작업,건의작위괄의황회해지구추엄적충식방식。
In order to explore the effects of row spacing on canopy structure and stress resistance, and identify the appropriate row spacing suitable for the development of agricultural mechanization, field experiments were conducted at Fangcheng and Huixian, using three types of maize hybrids (Xianyu 335 is a high plant, Zhengdan 958 is a middle high plant, and 512-4 is a dwarf) with two plant population densities (60 000 and 75 000 plant ha–1) and five row spaces (50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, and 80 cm+40 cm). The results showed that, for treatments with equal rows spacing under the same plant density, with the increasing of row spaces, different hybrids had a leave type and decreased leaf orientation value (LOV), their growth deviated from the plant rows, and trend to perpendicular to row;canopy temperature and humidity decreased, light interception and yield were reduced as well, while resistance to disease and insect was improved. The treatments with 60 cm row spacing can reasonably coordinate the rela-tionship between the canopy microenvironment and yield, resulting in appropriate distribution of canopy leaves, suitable canopy temperature and humidity, maize light interception, especially, with the high light interception rate in the lower part of the canopy, and the significantly increased resistance to stresses, different hybrids with two densities got highest yield frequently in treatments with 60 cm of row spacing regardless of the varieties with different plant heights at planting densities, which so suitable for me-chanical farming and field management. Therefore, we suggest that 60 cm is the optimal row spacing for summer corn in the Yel-low-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Region.