CAJ | 학술논문

为量化识别露天采矿造成的土地破坏 ,提高矿区生态退化修复的有效性 ,以垣曲县国泰公司铁矿区为例 ,提出基于小尺度合理有效修复矿区环境的方法.结合现状调查 ,将研究区土地划分为7种类型(开采地、尾矿库、排弃场、裸地、草地、林地及厂房占用地),通过主成分分析确定土地破坏程度.结果表明:矿区土地中度和高度破坏比例高达27. 21% 和46. 91% ;未经复垦的裸露地块土地破坏程度较大 ,破坏后采取复垦措施的地块土地破坏程度一般 ,林地土地破坏程度最小 ,但仍有破坏危险.结合自然地理条件分析各地块损毁原因 ,研究结果可为矿区环境修复与生态矿建设提供参考.
위양화식별로천채광조성적토지파배 ,제고광구생태퇴화수복적유효성 ,이원곡현국태공사철광구위례 ,제출기우소척도합리유효수복광구배경적방법.결합현상조사 ,장연구구토지화분위7충류형(개채지、미광고、배기장、라지、초지、임지급엄방점용지),통과주성분분석학정토지파배정도.결과표명:광구토지중도화고도파배비례고체27. 21% 화46. 91% ;미경복은적라로지괴토지파배정도교대 ,파배후채취복은조시적지괴토지파배정도일반 ,임지토지파배정도최소 ,단잉유파배위험.결합자연지리조건분석각지괴손훼원인 ,연구결과가위광구배경수복여생태광건설제공삼고.
In order to quantify the land damage caused by open pit mining and improve the effectiveness of ecological res-toration in mining area ,a method for the reasonable and effective remediation of the mine environment was proposed based on the small scale and reasonable effective restoration of the Guotai iron mining area in Yuanqu county .By pres-ent situation investigation ,we divided the land of study area into seven types :mining land ,tailing pond ,waste dispos-al site ,bare land ,grassland ,shrub land and construction land ,analyzed the land destruction degree of every plot by principal component analysis (PCA) .The result showed that the area proportion of moderate damage land and severe damage land were 27.21% and 46.91% .Besides ,the land damage degree of bare plots without reclamation measures was the highest ,of damaged plots with reclamation measures was higher ,and of shrub plots was the lowest which still remain dangerous .Analysis of the causes of damage to the land by the natural geographical conditions ,the research can provide a reference for the environmental restoration and ecological mining in mining areas .