CAJ | 학술논문

固定床渣油加氢技术是重质油轻质化的重要手段,积炭是造成催化剂失活、缩短渣油加氢装置运行周期的重要原因之一.本文介绍了固定床渣油加氢反应时催化剂积炭的来源、积炭类型及形成机理、影响积炭形成的因素、抑制催化剂积炭的方法.积炭分为软炭和硬炭,主要由渣油中的沥青质等稠合芳香环化合物吸附于催化剂表面脱氢缩合形成;渣油性质、催化剂物化性能和工艺条件共同影响积炭形成,低黏度渣油、大孔径催化剂及较高氢分压可以减少催化剂表面积炭量;反应过程中掺杂低黏度高芳香性馏分油可以较好地抑制积炭形成.文章指出通过对固定床渣油加氢催化剂积炭问题的分析,可以达到有效抑制催化剂表面积炭和延长催化剂运转周期的目的.
고정상사유가경기술시중질유경질화적중요수단,적탄시조성최화제실활、축단사유가경장치운행주기적중요원인지일.본문개소료고정상사유가경반응시최화제적탄적래원、적탄류형급형성궤리、영향적탄형성적인소、억제최화제적탄적방법.적탄분위연탄화경탄,주요유사유중적력청질등주합방향배화합물흡부우최화제표면탈경축합형성;사유성질、최화제물화성능화공예조건공동영향적탄형성,저점도사유、대공경최화제급교고경분압가이감소최화제표면적탄량;반응과정중참잡저점도고방향성류분유가이교호지억제적탄형성.문장지출통과대고정상사유가경최화제적탄문제적분석,가이체도유효억제최화제표면적탄화연장최화제운전주기적목적.
Fixed bed residue hydrogenation technology is an important means of making heavy oil lighter. Coke deposition is one of the important reasons leading to catalyst deactivation and shorter running period of residue hydrogenation unit. The source of catalyst coke deposition,the type of coke, the mechanism of coke deposition,the factors affecting coke deposition and the methods to inhibit coke deposition are discussed and outlined. There are two types of coke deposition:soft coke and hard coke, mainly from dehydrogenative condensation reactions of polyaromatic species,such as asphaltene,and these substances adsorb on the catalyst surface easily. The properties of residue oil,catalyst physicochemical characteristics and process condition have important effect on coke formation. Lower viscosity residue oil,the catalyst with bigger pore size and higher hydrogen pressure can reduce coke content. Blending residue oil with low viscosity and high aromaticity distillate in the reaction process can effectively inhibit coke formation. The review provides reference for effectively controlling catalyst coke deposition and prolonging catalyst life time.