CAJ | 학술논문

表观遗传学是研究基因表达发生了可遗传的改变,而DNA序列不发生改变的一门生物学分支,对细胞的生长分化及肿瘤的发生发展至关重要.表观遗传学的主要机制包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及新近发现的非编码RNA.非编码RNA是指不能翻译为蛋白的功能性RNA分子,其中常见的具调控作用的非编码RNA包括小干涉RNA、miRNA、piRNA以及长链非编码RNA.近年来大量研究表明非编码RNA在表观遗传学的调控中扮演了越来越重要的角色.文章综述了近年来生物细胞非编码RNA调控的表观遗传学研究进展,以有助于理解哺乳动物细胞中非编码RNA及其调控机制和功能.
표관유전학시연구기인표체발생료가유전적개변,이DNA서렬불발생개변적일문생물학분지,대세포적생장분화급종류적발생발전지관중요.표관유전학적주요궤제포괄DNA갑기화、조단백수식급신근발현적비편마RNA.비편마RNA시지불능번역위단백적공능성RNA분자,기중상견적구조공작용적비편마RNA포괄소간섭RNA、miRNA、piRNA이급장련비편마RNA.근년래대량연구표명비편마RNA재표관유전학적조공중분연료월래월중요적각색.문장종술료근년래생물세포비편마RNA조공적표관유전학연구진전,이유조우리해포유동물세포중비편마RNA급기조공궤제화공능.
Epigenetics is the study of meiotically and mitotically heritable changes in gene expression that are not coded for in the underlying DNA sequence. The term epigenetics is derived from epi- (meaning upon) and genetics. Epigenetic regulation of mammalian gene expression has profound effects in controlling cell growth, differentiation and cancer development. The important epigenetic mechanisms include DNA cytosine methylation, histone modifications and the more recently discovered non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. The main classes of regulatory non-coding RNAs include siRNA, miRNA, piRNA and long non-coding RNAs. There is growing evidence that regulatory non-coding RNAs play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression and are important in mammalian development and disease processes. Here, we review current research efforts aimed at understanding non-coding RNAs and their mechanisms of function in mammalian cells.